Journal
PROBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS
Volume 14, Issue 4, Pages 690-698Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09936-2
Keywords
Whey protein; Casein; Bioactive peptides; Synergy; Salmonella; Antivirulence
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Industrial Research Chair (IRC)
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The hydrolysis of milk proteins produces bioactive peptides that can decrease the expression of virulence genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium. Five synthetic peptides derived from milk showed antivirulence activity and exhibited a synergistic interaction in downregulating the expression of virulence genes.
The hydrolysis of milk proteins produces valuable bioactive peptides, some of which show antivirulence activity. In this study, five synthetic milk-derived peptides (beta-LG f(9-18), beta-CN f(5-15), beta-CN f(17-27), beta-CN f(94-106), and beta-CN f(129-137)) were shown to decrease the expression of virulence genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium when tested at four concentrations (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/ml). A mixture of these synthetic peptides at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/ml each significantly downregulated the expression of both hilA and ssrB virulence genes in Salmonella typhimurium after a 3-h incubation. Individually, beta-CN f(17-27) at 0.02 mg/ml caused a significant decrease in both hilA and ssrB gene expressions. These results suggest a synergistic interaction between bioactive peptides. Depending on dose and amino acid sequence, these five peptides were able to affect the expression of some virulence genes in Salmonella typhimurium.
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