Exposure to Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy in Pregnancy and Risk of Congenital Malformations and Other Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Owing to insufficient data, current guidelines recommend against initiating allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) during pregnancy but suggest that well-tolerated ongoing immunotherapy may be continued. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of MT in pregnancy, especially the risk for congenital malformations. METHODS: This nationwide Swedish cohort study identified pregnancies exposed to AIT, both subcutaneous and sublingual, through the Swedish Medical Birth register and the Prescribed Drug Register between 2005 and 2014. Information on congenital malformations in offspring was retrieved from the National Patient Register. Using the personal identity number, we linked data between registers. Using logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for congenital malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2014, we identified 924,790 singleton pregnancies. Among these, 743 pregnancies had been exposed to MT 3 months before conception up until gestational week 22. Allergen-specific immunotherapy in pregnancy was not linked to congenital malformations (OR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.63-1.27) or other adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth: OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.71-1.35; stillbirth: OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.26-2.47; or cesarean delivery: OR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76-1.09). Stratification by route of immunotherapy, subcutaneous or sublingual, resulted in similar ORs. Restricting the pregnancy cohort to women with asthma or pulmonary disease, nulliparous women, births in 2012 to 2014, or Swedish-born women yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide study found no evidence of congenital malformations or other adverse pregnancy outcomes in women treated with MT in pregnancy. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

Automated summary

This nationwide study in Sweden found no evidence of congenital malformations or other adverse pregnancy outcomes in women treated with MT during pregnancy, indicating the safety of allergen-specific immunotherapy in this context.