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Epigenetic Underpinnings of Inflammation: A Key to Unlock the Tumor Microenvironment in Glioblastoma

Journal

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869307

Keywords

glioblastoma; inflammation; microenvironment; epigenetic regulation; GBM tumor cells; glioma-associated microglia; macrophages

Categories

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [82104477, U19A2010]
  2. multidisciplinary interdisciplinary innovation team for multidimensional evaluation of southwestern characteristic Chinese medicine resources [ZYYCXTD-D-202209]
  3. China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2019M663456, 2019TQ0044]
  4. Xinglin Scholar Research Promotion Project of Chengdu University of TCM [BSH2019008]

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. The inflammatory microenvironment accelerates epigenetic changes in GBM and helps tumors evade immune surveillance. GBM tumor cells and glioma-associated microglia/macrophages are the primary contributors, and the modification of epigenetic events exacerbates the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GBM. Certain drugs can reverse the inflammatory environment and inhibit GBM growth and invasion.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, and immunotherapies and genetic therapies for GBM have evolved dramatically over the past decade, but GBM therapy is still facing a dilemma due to the high recurrence rate. The inflammatory microenvironment is a general signature of tumors that accelerates epigenetic changes in GBM and helps tumors avoid immunological surveillance. GBM tumor cells and glioma-associated microglia/macrophages are the primary contributors to the inflammatory condition, meanwhile the modification of epigenetic events including DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and histone methylation and deacetylases involved in this pathological process of GBM, finally result in exacerbating the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GBM. On the other hand, histone deacetylase inhibitors, DNA methyltransferases inhibitors, and RNA interference could reverse the inflammatory landscapes and inhibit GBM growth and invasion. Here, we systematically review the inflammatory-associated epigenetic changes and regulations in the microenvironment of GBM, aiming to provide a comprehensive epigenetic profile underlying the recognition of inflammation in GBM.

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