Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899104
Keywords
estrogen; bone marrow; immune cells; bone metastasis; estrogen receptor
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This review summarizes the impacts of estrogens on bone immune cells and their consequences on bone homeostasis, metastasis settlement into the bone, and tumor progression. The role of an orphan nuclear receptor ERRalpha on macrophages and T lymphocytes is also addressed.
Bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency indicates a fundamental role of these hormones in skeletal growth and bone remodeling. In the last decades, growing recent evidence demonstrated that estrogens can also affect the immune compartment of the bone. In this review, we summarize the impacts of estrogens on bone immune cells and their consequences on bone homeostasis, metastasis settlement into the bone and tumor progression. We also addressed the role of an orphan nuclear receptor ERRalpha (Estrogen-receptor Related Receptor alpha) on macrophages and T lymphocytes, and as an immunomodulator in bone metastases. Hence, this review links estrogens to bone immune cells in osteo-oncology.
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