Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816619
Keywords
maternal infections; virus; cytokines; neuroinflammation; neurodevelopmental disorders; cortical development; SARS; CoV; 2; zika virus
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Infections during pregnancy can have serious consequences for fetal neurodevelopment, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and cognitive impairment. The mechanisms behind these effects may involve aberrant activation of the maternal immune system, leading to inflammation and direct infection of fetal neural cells.
Infections during pregnancy can seriously damage fetal neurodevelopment by aberrantly activating the maternal immune system, directly impacting fetal neural cells. Increasing evidence suggests that these adverse impacts involve alterations in neural stem cell biology with long-term consequences for offspring, including neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and cognitive impairment. Here we review how maternal infection with viruses such as Influenza A, Cytomegalovirus, and Zika during pregnancy can affect the brain development of offspring by promoting the release of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines, triggering neuroinflammation of the fetal brain, and/or directly infecting fetal neural cells. In addition, we review insights into how these infections impact human brain development from studies with animal models and brain organoids. Finally, we discuss how maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2 may have consequences for neurodevelopment of the offspring.
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