Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822616
Keywords
AID; APOBEC; variable lymphocyte receptor; lamprey; DNA deamination; expansion; virus evolution
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31970852, 31770943]
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the Peoples Republic of China [2018YFD0900502]
- Guangdong Science and Technology Department [2017B030314021]
- Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) [311021006]
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The AID/APOBEC family expands in primates to resist viruses and retrotransposons. Recently, expansion of AID/APOBEC-like genes has also been observed in lamprey. The study suggests that the arms race between host and pathogens, along with VLR assembly, may contribute to the expansion and diversification of the lamprey AID/APOBEC family.
The AID/APOBEC family which converts cytidine to uridine on RNA or DNA experienced dynamic expansion in primates in order to resist exogenous viruses and endogenous retrotransposons. Recently, expansion of AID/APOBEC-like homologs has also been observed in the extant jawless vertebrate lamprey. To reveal what causes such expansion and leads to the functional diversification of lamprey cytosine deaminases (CDAs), we reassessed the CDA genes in Lethenteron japonicum (Lj). We first confirmed the expansion of LjCDA1L1 (CDA1-like 1) genes and found the expression correlation of LjCDA2 and LjCDA1L2 with LjVLRs (variable lymphocyte receptors). Among up to 14 LjCDA1L1 proteins, LjCDA1L1_4a has an extremely high deamination activity on ssDNA and buDNA and, unexpectedly, on dsDNA. LjCDA1L1s can also restrict the infection of HSV-1 particles. Thus, the arms race between the host and pathogens along with the recruitment by VLR assembly may participate together to form a driving force in the expansion and diversification of the lamprey AID/APOBEC family.
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