Single-Cell Characterization of Hepatic CD8+ T Cells in a Murine Model of Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), an organ-specific autoimmune disease, is characterized by injury to small bile ducts, inflammatory cell infiltrates within the liver, progressive cholestasis, and in some cases, cirrhosis with unclear pathogenesis. We aimed to clarify the importance role of hepatic immunce cells in the pathogenesis of human and experimental PBC.The dominant-negative TGF beta receptor type II transgenic (dnTGF beta RII) mice, a well-studied and established murine model of PBC were used to identify changes of immune cells, especially the pathogenic CD8(+) T cells. The high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing technology were applied and found functional heterogeneity among the hepatic CD8(+) T cells subsets in dnTGF beta RII mice. CD8(+) T cells were confirmed the key cells leading to the pathogenesis of PBC in dnTGF beta RII mice, and identified the terminally differentiated CD8 alpha alpha T cells and CD8 alpha beta T cell subsets in the liver of dnTGF beta RII mice. While terminally differentiated CD8 alpha alpha T cells have higher cytokine production ability and cytotoxicity, the terminally differentiated CD8 alpha beta T cells retain their proliferative profile. Our work suggests that there are developmental and differentiated trajectories of pathogenic CD8(+) T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of PBC. A further clarification of their roles would be helpful to our understanding of the pathogenesis of PBC and may potentially lead to identifying novel therapeutic modalities.

Automated summary

In this study, the researchers used a transgenic mouse model and single-cell RNA sequencing technology to investigate the role of CD8(+) T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of PBC. They found functional heterogeneity among these subsets and identified distinct characteristics of terminally differentiated CD8 alpha alpha T cells and CD8 alpha beta T cells. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of PBC.