Journal
GENES
Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/genes13040705
Keywords
type 1 diabetes; late complications; metabolic memory; epigenetics; DNA methylation; histone modification; microRNA
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Funding
- Slovenian Research Agency [P3-0343]
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Long-term hyperglycemia caused by type 1 diabetes has a significant impact on epigenetic marks in late complications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs.
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the destruction of pancreatic beta cells leads to hyperglycemia. The prevention of hyperglycemia is very important to avoid or at least postpone the development of micro- and macrovascular complications, also known as late complications. These include diabetic retinopathy, chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of long-term hyperglycemia has been shown to persist long after the normalization of blood glucose levels, a phenomenon known as metabolic memory. It is believed that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs, play an important role in metabolic memory. The aim of this review is to address the impact of long-term hyperglycemia on epigenetic marks in late complications of type 1 diabetes.
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