Journal
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.802558
Keywords
spinal cord injury; microglia; rat; polarization; morphology
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Funding
- Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [20-34-90060]
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This study investigates the quantitative composition and morphological states of microglia/macrophages in different severity levels of spinal cord injury (SCI). The research identifies annular-shaped microglia/macrophages, which are only found in the injured spinal cord and increase in number with the severity of SCI. Additionally, changes in cytokine expression and gene encoding microglial marker proteins were observed on days 7 and 14 after SCI.
Determination of the quantitative composition of phenotypically and morphologically different populations of resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages in spinal cord injury (SCI) of various degrees of severity could lead to much needed novel therapeutic interventions in neurotrauma. In this regard, we investigated the CD40 and TGF-beta expressing populations of microglia/macrophages and their morphological states in a rat model of SCI of varying severity. We are the first to describe the annular-shaped microglia/macrophages, the morphology of which was formed due to the spatial orientation of the processes that form round or oval micro-territories, which include disintegrating myelin fibers. This type of cell morphology was found only in the injured spinal cord and mainly in the white matter. At the same time, an assessment of the number of annular-shaped microglia/macrophages and the diameter of micro-territories formed by their processes showed an elevation in these indicators as the severity of SCI increased. While we did not find significant quantitative changes in the populations of Iba1(+)/CD40(+) and Iba1(+)/TGF-beta(+) microglia/macrophages with increased severity of SCI in the chronic period (60 dpi), we did determine changes in the expression of cytokines and mRNAs of genes-encoding microglial marker proteins, finding the greatest changes on days 7 and 14 after SCI between experimental groups with varying severity.
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