Advances in exosome biomarkers for cervical cancer

Cervical cancer (CC) ranks as the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in females worldwide. Exosomes are a subclass of extracellular vesicles released by nearly all types of cells that act as cargo transport vehicles, carrying proteins, and genetic material (such as miRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and mRNAs) derived from their parent cells may affect receiving cells and thus have emerged as key players in several biological processes, including inflammatory pathways. In this review, we concentrated on the findings of exosome investigations in CC, particularly their components. They direct the actions of CC cells by inducing surface molecules associated with various biological pathways. We summarized the current knowledge of exosomal RNAs and proteins from CC cells and discussed the feasibility of exosomes as potential biomarkers for CC. We suggest that cancer-derived exosomes promote metastasis in CC by supporting EMT, controlling the proliferation, invasion, or migration of cancer cells, as well as influencing immune escape and aiding angiogenesis. Overall, cancer-derived exosomes are critical in the progression of CC, and further studies are necessary to advance our understanding of the clinical value of exosomes in CC.

Automated summary

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in females globally. Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles released by various cells, play a crucial role in biological processes through carrying proteins and genetic material from their parent cells. This review article focuses on the investigation of exosomes in cervical cancer, particularly their components. The findings suggest that exosomes in cervical cancer regulate the behavior of cancer cells by affecting various biological pathways. Additionally, exosomal RNAs and proteins show potential as biomarkers for cervical cancer. Furthermore, cancer-derived exosomes are found to play a critical role in the metastasis and progression of cervical cancer.