Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
Volume 9, Issue 14, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/admi.202102525
Keywords
chemical warfare agents; chemoresistive gas sensors; metal oxides; nanosystems
Funding
- Padova University [DOR 2018-2021]
- P-DiSC [SENSATIONAL BIRD2016-UNIPD, 04BIRD2020-UNIPD EUREKA]
- CNR [Progetti di Ricerca@CNR - 2020]
- INSTM Consortium [INSTM21PDGASPAROTTO - NANOMAT, INSTM21PDBARMAC - ATENA]
- AMGA Foundation (NYMPHEA project)
- Universita degli Studi di Padova within the CRUI-CARE Agreement
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This review discusses the advancements in chemoresistive gas sensors based on metal oxide nanosystems for the detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The sensing mechanisms and performance enhancement reasons are reviewed and summarized. The review also highlights the main challenges and prospects for future developments.
The early and efficient detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), hazardous compounds resulting in fatal and irreversible health damages, is an issue of primary importance for security safeguard. Despite the efforts undertaken to date, the quest of lower detection limits, higher selectivity/stability, and faster recognition still represents a main bottleneck to effectively counteract such dreadful threats. This review aims at providing a survey on the developments undertaken in chemoresistive gas sensors based on metal oxide nanosystems for CWA recognition. The sensing mechanisms proposed in the literature, as well as the main reasons underlying the performance enhancement for functionalized/composite systems, are reviewed and discussed. The work summarizes key results achieved so far, and attempts to provide guidelines to overcome the main open problems. Efforts are devoted to delivering information on material properties/performance interplay, highlighting challenges in their fabrication and functional characterization. In fact, despite the advances made, a rational design and understanding of interfacial properties, as well as a perfect control over system growth, mandatory for commercial applications, are still missing. At the conclusion, a brief outlook on development prospects for future advancements is presented, endeavoring to provide a vision on the next necessary steps for an eventual technological implementation.
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