Journal
SUSTAINABILITY
Volume 14, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su14106099
Keywords
energy security; energy indicators; index; sustainability
Funding
- Prince Sultan University
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This study presents a framework for assessing Pakistan's sustainable energy security (SES) between 1991 and 2020 by estimating its composite index, termed SESi, and three sub-indices. The findings point to a declining tendency in SES, with economic, social, and environmental factors all contributing to the decrease.
This study presents a framework for assessing Pakistan's sustainable energy security (SES) between 1991 and 2020 by estimating its composite index, termed SESi, and three sub-indices. The SES has three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. A total of 26 indicators were chosen and normalized using the Z-score approach before being weighted using principal component analysis (PCA) or equal weighting. The findings associated with the indices point to a declining tendency between 1991 and 2020. The highest degree of sustainable energy security (SES) was reported in 1991, with the lowest levels recorded in 2004 and 2007. Between 1991 and 2020, 9% of SESi regressed. Economic dimensions regressed among the dimension indices between 1991 and 2004, followed by steady performance, while the other two dimensions, social and environmental, fell by 30% and 26%, respectively, during the study period. Further analysis indicates that the objectives of the policies implemented throughout the study period were only partially achieved due to the country's heavy import dependence, energy expenditures, falling reserves and forest area, and inefficiencies in the power sector.
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