First report of triterpenes pathway in Calotropis procera revealed to accumulate beta-amyrin

The major reports on Calotropis procera (C. procera) indicated the importance of this plant as a resource of pharmaceutically active ingredients as well as its medical advantages. p-amyrin (BA) is a significant substance in this plant and has a pharmacological effects in some frameworks, like focal and fringe sensory system, digestive and immune systems. In this study, the impact of sunlight before and after irrigation on the BA production in C. procera is studied its pathway with involved eight key enzymes. The eight enzymes' genes were characterized and successfully submitted to NCBI; AAS (acc.no. KU997645) for a- amyrin synthase, BAS (acc.no. MW976955) for p-amyrin synthase, SE (acc.no. MW976956) for squalene epoxidase, SS (acc.no. MW976957) for squalene synthase, GPPS, (acc.no. MW976958) for geranyl pyrophosphate synthase, FPPS (acc.no. MW976959) for farnasyl pyrophosphate synthase, CAST, (acc.no. MZ00598) for cycloartenol synthase1 and LS (acc.no. MZ005982) for lupeol synthase. qRT-PCR analysis revealed high expression levels of GPPS, FPPS, SS, SE, and BAS genes at all times specially midday. Otherwise, CAST, LS and BAS expression levels were very low at all daylight periods. The UPLC pamyrin data are in accordance with qRT-PCR results. This indicates that triterpenes biosynthetic pathway in C. procera is going to p-amyrin accumulation with the highest level at midday.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

Automated summary

The study examines the impact of sunlight and irrigation on p-amyrin production in C. procera and investigates the pathway involving eight key enzymes. The research reveals high expression levels of GPPS, FPPS, SS, SE, and BAS genes during midday. Additionally, it shows that the biosynthetic pathway in C. procera leads to the accumulation of p-amyrin with the highest level at midday.