Journal
NANO ENERGY
Volume 93, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106878
Keywords
Organic solar cells; Solid additive; Hybrid additive; Macro-morphology; Micro-morphology
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science and ICT [2020M3H4A1A02084908]
- NRF of Korea - Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) [2021R1A2C3004420]
- NRF of Korea - Korean Government
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1A2C1003929, 2019R1A6A1A11053838, 2021M2E8A1044198, 2020M1A2A20807 46]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2021R1A2C3004420, 2021M2E8A1044198, 2020R1A2C1003929] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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This research introduced solid-solvent hybrid additives in organic solar cells to optimize both the microscopic morphology and macroscopic phase separation. The newly synthesized star-shaped solid additives significantly enhanced the efficiency of PM6:Y6 solar cells by inducing dense microscopic intermolecular 7C-7C stacking and optimizing phase separation.
Most organic solar cells based on a bulk-heterojunction active layer are fabricated with the assistance of high boiling point solvent additives to optimize the phase separation of the donor and acceptor. The macroscopic phase separation can be controlled by this solvent additive. However, the control of the microscopic morphology (e.g., 7C-7C stacking, orientation) of the inside phase is still dependent on the interaction and self-assembly characteristics of each donor and acceptor. In this work, we introduce a solid-solvent hybrid additive on PM6:Y6 solar cells to optimize both the macroscopic phase separation and the microscopic morphology at the same time. For the solvent additive, the well-known 1-CN solvent additive was used. For the solid additive, newly synthesized 3D star-shaped solid additives (Star-A and Star-F), which were delicately designed to achieve adequate electrical properties, electrostatic potential, and geometrical structure, were used to further optimize the microscopic morphology. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements showed that the star additives not only induce the dense and enhanced microscopic intermolecular 7C-7C stacking within the phase, but also further optimize the phase separation. By adding only 1% star-series solid additives, a significantly enhanced efficiency was achieved from PM6:Y6 solar cells.
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