Related references
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Article
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Summary: The study of the properties of the bubble wall of a cosmological first order phase transition is crucial for predicting the baryon asymmetry of the universe and the gravitational wave spectrum. A simple analytical approximation for the wall velocity has been provided in the study and it is found that signals generated by weak transitions are generally too weak to be observed in future gravitational wave experiments. Signals visible in future experiments are likely to come from strong transitions described by detonations with highly relativistic wall velocities.
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Summary: This study examines the dynamics of relativistic bubble expansion during a first order phase transition, focusing on ultra relativistic velocities gamma >> 1. It demonstrates that fields heavier than the phase transition scale can have a significant impact on friction and alter the motion of the bubble wall, leading to interesting phenomenological outcomes. Additionally, the effects of NLO on friction caused by soft vector field emission are also reviewed.
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Stefan Hoche et al.
Summary: In this study, we analyzed the expansion of Higgs condensate bubbles during a first-order electroweak phase transition in the early Universe. The interaction of particles with the bubble wall may involve the emission of multiple soft gauge bosons. Resummation to all orders is necessary when the wall velocity is large, and we performed this resummation analytically and numerically at leading logarithmic accuracy. Both approaches agreed to a 10% level, and for fast-moving walls, we found a scaling of the thermal pressure exerted against the wall.
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Astronomy & Astrophysics
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Summary: In first-order cosmological phase transitions, subluminal bubble expansion requires out-of-equilibrium interactions with the plasma, which can be understood from the conservation of entropy in local equilibrium, leading to subluminal speeds for both deflagrations and detonations. Friction effect arises from the background field dependence of the entropy density in the plasma, and can be accounted for by imposing local conservation of stress-energy and including field-dependent thermal contributions to the effective potential. Illustrative calculations for a first-order electroweak transition in a Standard Model extension with additional scalar fields demonstrate these effects.
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Astronomy & Astrophysics
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Physics, Particles & Fields
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Summary: The study critically reassesses the viability of electroweak baryogenesis sourced by lighter fermions, finding that the predictions based on the VIA method are orders of magnitude larger than those from the WKB method. Specifically, a source term from c-t quark mixing allows for a realistically large baryon asymmetry in the WKB prediction.
Article
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Benoit Laurent et al.
Summary: This research focuses on gravity wave production and baryogenesis at the electroweak phase transition in a real singlet scalar extension of the Standard Model. The study includes updated transport equations and direct calculation of wall speed and thickness from microphysical parameters. Constraints from collider, electroweak precision, and renormalization group running are identified for the CP-violating dimension-five operator needed for electroweak baryogenesis.
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Avi Friedlander et al.
Summary: This study improves on previous attempts to solve for bubble wall properties and focuses on models with Z(2)-symmetric singlet potentials. The research finds that the singlet must be relatively light for a subsonic wall to form in strong enough phase transitions.
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