A cautionary case of casual causality

Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Reverse Bootstrapping: IR Lessons for UV Physics

Lasma Alberte et al.

Summary: The low-energy theory can be used to constrain the UV behavior of gravitational scattering amplitudes by considering graviton-photon scattering in the standard model.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2022)

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Article Physics, Particles & Fields

Triple crossing positivity bounds for multi-field theories

Zong-Zhe Du et al.

Summary: A formalism is developed to extract triple crossing symmetric positivity bounds for effective field theories with multiple degrees of freedom. This generalizes the convex cone approach to higher orders in the coefficient space. Optimal positive bounds can be obtained using semi-definite programs and continuous decision variables. The study explicitly computes the positivity constraints for bi-scalar theories, showing that all Wilson coefficients can be constrained in a finite region.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Physics, Particles & Fields

QFT, EFT and GFT

Prashanth Raman et al.

Summary: This paper investigates the correspondence between geometric function theory and quantum field theory, using the crossing symmetric dispersion relation to examine the connection between GFT, QFT, and EFTs. It summarizes existing mathematical bounds on Taylor coefficients of Typically Real functions and shows their usefulness in bounding Wilson coefficients in the context of 2-2 scattering. The study also explores two-sided bounds on Wilson coefficients in the fully crossing symmetric situation, and discusses numerical implementation of GFT constraints and comparisons with other literature findings.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Crossing Symmetric Dispersion Relations in Quantum Field Theories

Aninda Sinha et al.

Summary: This letter discusses a crossing symmetric dispersion relation for 2-2 scattering in quantum field theories, highlighting a geometric rotation in the complex z plane. The resulting three-channel crossing symmetric dispersion is obtained, along with derivations of known positivity conditions and new nonperturbative inequalities. The approach is used to locate the first massive string state and derive a generalized Froissart bound valid for all energies.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2021)

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Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Gravitational effective field theory islands, low-spin dominance, and the four-graviton amplitude

Zvi Bern et al.

Summary: This study analyzes constraints on the leading contributions of higher-dimension operators to the four-graviton amplitude in four spacetime dimensions from perturbative unitarity and crossing. It focuses on the impact of the exchange by massive degrees of freedom on making the amplitudes infrared finite. The results suggest that the Wilson coefficients of weakly-coupled gravitational physical theories are more constrained than previously thought.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL (2021)

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Article Physics, Particles & Fields

Causality constraints in Quadratic Gravity

Jose D. Edelstein et al.

Summary: Classifying consistent effective field theories for the gravitational interaction has led to a hierarchy of constraints on higher derivative terms, primarily analyzed in general relativistic backgrounds. The CEMZ causality constraints applied to Quadratic Gravity show that the Shapiro time delay for gravitons is polarization-independent and positive, indicating causal behavior despite additional propagating modes. This suggests that Quadratic Gravity, although distinct from General Relativity, meets the causality constraints proposed by CEMZ.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Physics, Particles & Fields

Sharp boundaries for the swampland

Simon Caron-Huot et al.

Summary: This article revisits the problem of bounding higher derivative couplings in consistent weakly coupled gravitational theories, using dispersive sum rules to limit the order one coefficients and overcoming the difficulties caused by the graviton pole. The approach justifies the expectation that higher derivative couplings are expected to be of order one in the units of the UV cutoff.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Quantum field theory and the Bieberbach conjecture

Parthiv Haldar et al.

Summary: An intriguing connection has been found between geometric function theory ingredients and the famous Bieberbach conjecture, as well as the non-perturbative crossing symmetric representation of 2-2 scattering amplitudes of identical scalars. By using dispersion relation and unitarity, inequalities analogous to those in the Bieberbach conjecture discussions are derived. New and strong bounds on certain Wilson coefficients ratio have been derived and shown to be valid in various theoretical contexts.

SCIPOST PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Astronomy & Astrophysics

Massless positivity in graviton exchange

Mario Herrero-Valea et al.

Summary: Positivity bounds for scattering amplitudes, incorporating massless particle exchange, have been formulated. The validity of these bounds is dependent on the cancellation of divergences, which can be achieved by assuming a Regge behavior of the amplitude at high energies below the Planck scale. These bounds have the potential to constrain a variety of models in the field of modified gravity and effective field theories of matter coupled to gravitation.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2021)

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Article Physics, Particles & Fields

Extremal effective field theories

Simon Caron-Huot et al.

Summary: Effective field theories parameterize the long-distance effects of short-distance dynamics. EFT coefficients must satisfy positivity constraints for causality and unitarity. All EFT parameters are bounded both below and above, with causality leading to dimensional analysis scaling.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Astronomy & Astrophysics

Positive moments for scattering amplitudes

Brando Bellazzini et al.

Summary: We have identified the complete set of conditions satisfied by the forward 2 -> 2 scattering amplitude in unitary and causal theories, which can be applied to effective field theories (EFTs). We have found optimal subsets of constraints suitable for bounding EFTs at any finite order in the energy expansion, and discussed conditions for the approximation to apply and the validity range in energy and couplings.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2021)

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Article Astronomy & Astrophysics

QED positivity bounds

Lasma Alberte et al.

Summary: Positivity bounds applied to U(1) gauge theory reveal violations that can be rectified by introducing new physics at a low scale Lambda(new), contrasting previous studies that focused on different applications. The introduction of a small amount of negativity is conjectured to be allowed and not conflict with standard UV completions.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2021)

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Article Physics, Particles & Fields

New positivity bounds from full crossing symmetry

Andrew J. Tolley et al.

Summary: Positivity bounds derived from partial wave expansion and full crossing symmetry can constrain effective field theories by putting upper and lower bounds on Wilson coefficients. These bounds are more constraining than linear positivity for scalars and can be used to exclude theories with soft amplitude behavior.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Astronomy & Astrophysics

Causality in gravitational theories with second order equations of motion

Harvey S. Reall

Summary: This paper explores diffeomorphism invariant theories of gravity coupled to matter, focusing on second order equations of motion. It delves into specific theories such as Einstein-Maxwell and Einstein-scalar field theory, demonstrating how causality is governed by characteristic polynomials and identifying surfaces analogous to Fresnel surfaces in crystal optics. It also discusses the implications of Killing horizons and the zeroth law of black hole mechanics in these theories.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2021)

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Article Physics, Particles & Fields

The EFT-hedron

Nima Arkani-Hamed et al.

Summary: The study reexamines the constraints imposed by causality and unitarity on the low-energy effective field theory expansion of four-particle scattering amplitudes, revealing a hidden totally positive structure similar to the positive geometries associated with grassmannians and amplituhedra, termed the EFT-hedron. By investigating the boundary structure of the EFT-hedron systematically, it provides linear and non-linear inequalities that must be satisfied by the EFT expansion in any theory. The EFT-hedron geometry and constraints are illustrated with various examples, including new consistency conditions on the scattering amplitudes of photons and gravitons in the real world.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Physics, Particles & Fields

Causality of black holes in 4-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-Maxwell theory

Xian-Hui Ge et al.

EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C (2020)

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Article Astronomy & Astrophysics

Positivity bounds and the massless spin-2 pole

Lasma Alberte et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2020)

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Shocks, superconvergence, and a stringy equivalence principle

Murat Kologlu et al.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2020)

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Gravitational positivity bounds

Junsei Tokuda et al.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2020)

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Causality in curved spacetimes: The speed of light and gravity

Claudia de Rham et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2020)

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Eikonal phase matrix, deflection angle, and time delay in effective field theories of gravity

Manuel Accettulli Huber et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2020)

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Black hole gravitational waves in the effective field theory of gravity

Claudia de Rham et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2020)

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Speed of gravity

Claudia de Rhame et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2020)

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Hyperbolicity constraints in extended gravity theories

Yotam Sherf

PHYSICA SCRIPTA (2019)

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Weak Gravity Conjecture from Unitarity and Causality

Yuta Hamada et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2019)

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Constraining higher order gravities with subregion duality

Elena Caceres et al.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2019)

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Massive spin-2 scattering and asymptotic superluminality

Kurt Hinterbichler et al.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2018)

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UV complete me: positivity bounds for particles with spin

Claudia de Rham et al.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2018)

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Causality violations in Lovelock theories

Ram Brustein et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2018)

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Eikonal scattering and asymptotic superluminality of massless higher spin fields

Kurt Hinterbichler et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2018)

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Positivity of Curvature-Squared Corrections in Gravity

Clifford Cheung et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2017)

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Massive Galileon positivity bounds

Claudia de Rham et al.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2017)

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Superluminality, black holes and EFT

Garrett Goon et al.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2017)

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Causality constraints on massive gravity

Xian O. Camanho et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2017)

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Positivity bounds for scalar field theories

Claudia de Rham et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2017)

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Boundary causality versus hyperbolicity for spherical black holes in Gauss-Bonnet gravity

Tomas Andrade et al.

CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY (2017)

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Causality, renormalizability and ultra-high energy gravitational scattering

Timothy J. Hollowood et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL (2016)

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Causality violation, gravitational shockwaves and UV completion

Timothy J. Hollowood et al.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2016)

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Causality constraints on corrections to the graviton three-point coupling

Xian O. Camanho et al.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2016)

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Quantum gravity constraints from unitarity and analyticity

Brando Bellazzini et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2016)

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Superluminal graviton propagation

Karim Benakli et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2016)

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Graviton time delay and a speed limit for small black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory

Giuseppe Papallo et al.

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Regge behavior saves string theory from causality violations

Giuseppe D'Appollonio et al.

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Causality and hyperbolicity of Lovelock theories

Harvey S. Reall et al.

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xTras: A field-theory inspired xAct package for mathematica

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Massive Gravity

Claudia de Rham

LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY (2014)

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Galileon duality

Claudia de Rham et al.

PHYSICS LETTERS B (2014)

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Superluminality in the Bi- and Multi-Galileon

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Chronology protection in Galileon models and massive gravity

Clare Burrage et al.

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Stability and superluminality of spherical DBI Galileon solutions

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Master Equations for Gravitational Perturbations of Static Lovelock Black Holes in Higher Dimensions

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Stability of Lovelock black holes under tensor perturbations

Tomohiro Takahashi et al.

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k-Essence, superluminal propagation, causality and emergent geometry

Eugeny Babichev et al.

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Causality and micro-causality in curved spacetime

Timothy J. Hollowood et al.

PHYSICS LETTERS B (2007)

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Causality, analyticity and an IR obstruction to UV completion

Allan Adams et al.

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2006)

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Linear stability of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet static spacetimes: Vector and scalar perturbations

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PHYSICAL REVIEW D (2005)

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Linear stability of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet static spacetimes: Tensor perturbations

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A master equation for gravitational perturbations of maximally symmetric black holes in higher dimensions

H Kodama et al.

PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS (2003)

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Stability of higher-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes

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Theorems on gravitational time delay and related issues

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A cautionary case of casual causality

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