4.6 Review

The Intricacy of the Viral-Human Protein Interaction Networks: Resources, Data, and Analyses

Journal

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.849781

Keywords

protein-protein interactions; virus-host protein-protein interaction databases; virus-human interactomes; molecular interaction data standards; SARS-CoV-2; emerging viruses

Categories

Funding

  1. European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [101003633]
  2. Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC IG 2017) [20322]

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Viral infections are a major cause of human diseases, and understanding the virus-host protein-protein interactions is crucial for developing treatments. The interactions have been captured in molecular interaction databases, allowing for further bioinformatic and network studies. Network analysis of virus-host interactomes helps us understand the effects of viral infection on the host and the key proteins and pathways targeted by the virus.
Viral infections are one of the major causes of human diseases that cause yearly millions of deaths and seriously threaten global health, as we have experienced with the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous approaches have been adopted to understand viral diseases and develop pharmacological treatments. Among them, the study of virus-host protein-protein interactions is a powerful strategy to comprehend the molecular mechanisms employed by the virus to infect the host cells and to interact with their components. Experimental protein-protein interactions described in the scientific literature have been systematically captured into several molecular interaction databases. These data are organized in structured formats and can be easily downloaded by users to perform further bioinformatic and network studies. Network analysis of available virus-host interactomes allow us to understand how the host interactome is perturbed upon viral infection and what are the key host proteins targeted by the virus and the main cellular pathways that are subverted. In this review, we give an overview of publicly available viral-human protein-protein interactions resources and the community standards, curation rules and adopted ontologies. A description of the main virus-human interactome available is provided, together with the main network analyses that have been performed. We finally discuss the main limitations and future challenges to assess the quality and reliability of protein-protein interaction datasets and resources.

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