Tadr is an axonal histidine transporter required for visual neurotransmission in Drosophila

Neurotransmitters are generated by de novo synthesis and are essential for sustained, high-frequency synaptic transmission. Histamine, a monoamine neurotransmitter, is synthesized through decarboxylation of histidine by histidine decarboxylase (Hdc). However, little is known about how histidine is presented to Hdc as a precursor. Here, we identified a specific histidine transporter, TADR (torn and diminished rhabdomeres), which is required for visual transmission in Drosophila. Both TADR and Hdc localized to neuronal terminals, and mutations in tadr reduced levels of histamine, thus disrupting visual synaptic transmission and phototaxis behavior. These results demonstrate that a specific amino acid transporter provides precursors for monoamine neurotransmitters, providing the first genetic evidence that a histidine amino acid transporter plays a critical role in synaptic transmission. These results suggest that TADR-dependent local de novo synthesis of histamine is required for synaptic transmission.

Automated summary

Neurotransmitters are crucial for synaptic transmission and are generated by de novo synthesis. In this study, a specific histidine transporter, TADR, was identified to play a critical role in visual transmission in Drosophila. These findings provide genetic evidence that TADR-dependent local de novo synthesis of histamine is necessary for synaptic transmission.