4.1 Review

ALSUntangled #64: butyrates

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Clinical Neurology

Long-term survival of participants in the CENTAUR trial of sodium phenylbutyrate-taurursodiol in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Sabrina Paganoni et al.

Summary: In the CENTAUR trial for ALS, orally administered PB-TURSO significantly slowed functional decline and a long-term survival analysis showed that participants receiving PB-TURSO treatment had a median survival 6.5 months longer than those on placebo. These results suggest that PB-TURSO has both functional and survival benefits in ALS.

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Butyrate in Energy Metabolism: There Is Still More to Learn

Lin Zhang et al.

Summary: Butyrate, as a main product of gut microbial fermentation, plays an important role in regulating whole body energy homeostasis. Research has shown that butyrate has multiple effects on metabolic health, including thermogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism, appetite, inflammation, and influence on gut microbiota. Through pathways such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) and acting as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, butyrate also impacts cellular systems.

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Simon J. Guillot et al.

Summary: Hypothalamic changes and genetic mutations impacting metabolic pathways have been linked to energy metabolism dysfunction in ALS. Slowing weight loss through high caloric diets shows promise as a therapeutic strategy, with potential to improve survival in some patients. Further research is needed to enhance therapeutic approaches and identify the ALS patient population that would benefit most from these strategies.

CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8+ T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer

Maik Luu et al.

Summary: Short-chain fatty acids pentanoate and butyrate can enhance the anti-tumor activity of immune cells through metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, making them potential therapeutic agents in cancer immunotherapy.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Butyrate and the Intestinal Epithelium: Modulation of Proliferation and Inflammation in Homeostasis and Disease

Pooja S. Salvi et al.

Summary: Butyrate acts as a link between the intestinal microbiome and epithelium, affecting colon, tumors, stem cells, and inflammatory diseases differently. It also regulates cellular inflammation, antigen tolerance, and the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases.

CELLS (2021)

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The Gut Microbiota-Immunity Axis in ALS: A Role in Deciphering Disease Heterogeneity?

Elena Niccolai et al.

Summary: ALS, a neurodegenerative disorder with unknown cause and no effective treatment, shows distinct inflammatory cytokine profiles and microbiota composition in patients compared to healthy individuals, which could potentially serve as biomarkers for deciphering the heterogeneity of ALS.

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Aberrant enteric neuromuscular system and dysbiosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Yongguo Zhang et al.

Summary: It was found that the gastrointestinal symptoms in ALS patients were often underestimated, and the relationship between the enteric neuromuscular system and microbiome in ALS progression was unclear. Longitudinal studies revealed that changes in the microbiome were associated with early pathological changes in ALS. Additionally, manipulating the microbiome improved muscle performance in ALS mice.

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The human gut microbiota in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Katharine Nicholson et al.

Summary: The study found that levels of several important butyrate-producing bacteria were lower in people with ALS compared to controls, which are crucial for gut integrity and inflammation regulation. These results support the inference that the gut microbiota may be a risk factor for ALS.

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The involvement of regulatory T cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their therapeutic potential

I. Giovannelli et al.

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Progression and survival of patients with motor neuron disease relative to their fecal microbiota

Shyuan T. Ngo et al.

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) alone or in combination regulate select immune functions of microglia-like cells

Tyler J. Wenzel et al.

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Tijs Vandoorne et al.

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The Crosstalk between the Gut Microbiota and Mitochondria during Exercise

Allison Clark et al.

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Target Intestinal Microbiota to Alleviate Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Yong-guo Zhang et al.

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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A. E. Elia et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2016)

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The neuropharmacology of butyrate: The bread and butter of the microbiota-gut-brain axis?

Roman M. Stilling et al.

NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL (2016)

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Butyrate suppresses colonic inflammation through HDAC1-dependent Fas upregulation and Fas-mediated apoptosis of T cells

Mary A. Zimmerman et al.

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Phase 2 study of sodium phenylbutyrate in ALS

Merit E. Cudkowicz et al.

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JMW Wong et al.

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Oral butyrate for mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease

A Di Sabatino et al.

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Regulation of microglial inflammatory response by sodium butyrate and short-chain fatty acids

J Huuskonen et al.

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