Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 10, Issue 15, Pages 4969-4979Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c08351
Keywords
5-hydroxymethylfurfural; 2,5-bis(isopropoxymethyl)furan; reductive etherification; solid acid
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21978160, 21908139, 22078182]
- Scientific Research Program - Shaanxi Provincial Education Department [21JC007]
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In this study, zirconium-based catalysts were prepared and successfully used to convert HMF into BPMF with a high yield of 92.4% in a one-pot strategy. The mechanism of the reductive etherification reaction was also investigated.
The furanic diether of 2,5-bis(isopropoxymethyl)furan (BPMF) derived from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) can be used as a biobased fuel or fuel additive. It is highly desirable but challenging to develop a one-pot process for the transformation of HMF into BPMF because it is a cascade sequence reaction involving reduction and etherification reactions over multifunctional acid catalysts. In this work, zirconium-based catalysts were facilely prepared from a zirconium salt, sulfosalicylic acid, and biomass by a simple hydrothermal method. The obtained catalyst with both Bronsted and Lewis acids (BA and LA, respectively) can transform HMF into BPMF with a yield of 92.4% in 2-propanol by Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction and etherification in a one-pot strategy. Additionally, the reaction pathway and mechanism of the reductive etherification reaction was investigated and is presented. This work proposes an approach for the preparation of a solid acid catalyst with multifunctional BA and LA for reductive etherification of aldehydes to ethers.
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