Journal
REMOTE SENSING
Volume 14, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/rs14051111
Keywords
GBAS; overbound; Gaussian mixture model (GMM); dual-frequency
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2020YFB0505602]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61871012, 62022012]
- Civil Aviation Security Capacity Building Fund Project [CAAC Contract 2021(77), CAAC Contract 2020(123)]
- Beijing Nova Program of Science and Technology [Z191100001119134]
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This paper introduces an ionosphere-free (Ifree) filtering algorithm for ensuring the integrity of a ground-based augmentation system (GBAS). It proposes an overbounding framework based on a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to handle the errors outputted by the Ifree algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations and real-world road tests.
To ensure the integrity of a ground-based augmentation system (GBAS), an ionosphere-free (Ifree) filtering algorithm with dual-frequency measurements is employed to make the GBAS free of the first-order ionospheric influence. However, the Ifree algorithm outputs the errors of two frequencies. The protection level obtained via the traditional Gaussian overbound is overconservative. This conservatism may cause false alarms and diminish availability. An overbounding framework based on a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is proposed to handle samples drawn from Ifree-based GBAS range errors. The GMM is employed to model the single-frequency errors that concern the uncertainty estimation. A Monte Carlo simulation is performed to determine the accuracy of the estimated GMM confidence level obtained by using the general estimation approach. Then, the final GMM used to overbound the Ifree error distribution is analyzed. Based on the convolution invariance property, vertical protection levels in the position domain are explicitly derived without introducing complex numerical calculations. A performance evaluation based on a real-world road test shows that the Ifree-based vertical protection levels are tightened with a small computational cost.
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