Why does viral RNA sometimes persist after recovery from acute infections?

Article Cell Biology

Ebola virus persistence and disease recrudescence in the brains of antibody-treated nonhuman primate survivors

Jun Liu et al.

Summary: Persistent Ebola virus infection in the brain ventricular system can occur in macaque survivors after therapeutic treatment, leading to severe tissue damage and inflammation.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+Monocytes in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) up to 15 Months Post-Infection

Bruce K. Patterson et al.

Summary: The recent study found that patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) had significantly elevated levels of intermediate and non-classical monocytes, and these cells contained SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein up to 15 months after infection. However, fragmented SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in PASC patients with no full-length sequences identified. This suggests that non-classical monocytes may play a role in the inflammation seen in PASC.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Immunology

Association Between SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19

Nikhil Ram-Mohan et al.

Summary: Determinants of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 are not known. This study found that the presence of viral RNA in blood (RNAemia) at presentation successfully predicted the occurrence of post-acute symptoms, independent of patient demographics, disease severity, and length of symptoms.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Virus persistence after recovery from acute Lassa fever in Nigeria: a 2-year interim analysis of a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Anke Thielebein et al.

Summary: The study found that Lassa virus RNA can be detected in various body fluids after recovery from acute Lassa fever, with the longest persistence in seminal fluid. The results showed that the persistence of viral RNA in seminal fluid was associated with higher viral load, severity of disease, and longer hospitalization during the acute phase of Lassa fever.

LANCET MICROBE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Fecal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) RNA Is Associated With Decreased Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Survival

Upasana Das Adhikari et al.

Summary: This study suggests that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool indicates extrapulmonary dissemination to the gastrointestinal tract, leading to decreased survival in COVID-19 cases. Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool could be useful for assessing clinical risk.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Immunology

Upper Respiratory Tract Levels of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA and Duration of Viral RNA Shedding Do Not Differ Between Patients With Mild and Severe/Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019

Aylin Yilmaz et al.

Summary: The study found that viral RNA loads were highest early after symptom onset, and there was a moderate correlation between duration of symptoms and viral RNA shedding in patients with mild COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

ADAR Editing in Viruses: An Evolutionary Force to Reckon with

Helen Piontkivska et al.

Summary: ADAR editing plays a crucial role in regulating transcriptome and proteome diversity, impacting both neural functions and the innate immune response to viral infections. The effects of ADAR editing on viral replication can be seen as a continuum, influenced by specific virus- and host-related factors that may evolve over the course of infection. Further research is needed to understand these dynamic factors and their implications for viral evolution and host adaptations.

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2021)

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Article Virology

Dose-Dependent Response to Infection with Ebola Virus in the Ferret Model and Evidence of Viral Evolution in the Eye

Robert J. Watson et al.

Summary: The ferret has been characterized as a model for Ebola virus infection, reproducing disease and lethality observed in humans. This model can be utilized to test medical countermeasures that prevent or treat long-term EBOV persistence in immune-privileged sites. The presence of specific genomic changes in EBOV in the eye suggests the importance of studying interventions to clear persistent virus.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA Shedding Without Evidence of Infectiousness: A Cohort Study of Individuals With COVID-19

Daniel Owusu et al.

Summary: The study found that most COVID-19 patients remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 for >= 10 days after symptom onset, but individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19 are unlikely to be infectious >= 10 days after symptom onset. Participants under 18 had shorter shedding resolution times, while those over 50 had longer shedding resolution times compared to those aged 18-49.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ebola virus antibody decay-stimulation in a high proportion of survivors

Charlene Adaken et al.

Summary: Neutralizing antibody function is crucial for vaccine and therapy efficacy. In this study, a wide spectrum of antibody responses in healthy survivors of the Sierra Leone EBOV outbreak was described, with pseudo-particle virus-neutralizing antibodies correlating with total anti-EBOV reactivity. A pharmacodynamic model identified a decay half-life and doubling time in survivors, suggesting that EBOV antibody reactivity declines over time after recovery. Vigilant follow-up and possible vaccine immunization for de novo antigenic stimulation should be considered to prevent EBOV viral recrudescence in recovering individuals.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Virology

Diverse antiviral IgG effector activities are predicted by unique biophysical antibody features

Hao D. Cheng et al.

Summary: This study conducted various Fc-mediated effector function assays and biophysical antibody profiling assays on samples from HIV-1 infected and vaccinated subjects. The results showed that biophysical antibody profiles could predict diverse IgG effector functions accurately, and unique antibody features were identified as primary contributing factors to these effector functions. The study provided a clearer understanding of the diversity and complexity of effector function assays, which could inform future HIV-1 treatment and vaccination strategies.

RETROVIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Persistence of Ebola virus in semen among Ebola virus disease survivors in Sierra Leone: A cohort study of frequency, duration, and risk factors

A. E. Thorson et al.

Summary: The study shows that Ebola virus can persist in the semen of male survivors for a prolonged period, with factors such as severe acute Ebola virus disease and older age associated with longer persistence. These findings highlight the importance of implementing a national semen testing program for Ebola epidemic preparedness and response, as well as emphasizing safe sex counseling and access to condoms during outbreaks. Further research is needed to understand the impact of viral RNA in semen on the transmission of Ebola virus.

PLOS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Burdens of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 by severity of acute infection, demographics and health status

Yan Xie et al.

Summary: The study analyzed data from the US Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare databases to estimate the burden of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), finding approximately 73.43 PASC cases per 1000 persons at 6 months. The burden of PASC varied by demographic groups and baseline health status, with more severe acute infection leading to higher burden. The study highlights the substantial burden of PASC and the importance of considering different population groups when planning healthcare strategies.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Prolonged Symptoms After COVID-19 Infection in Outpatients

Aditi Ramakrishnan et al.

Summary: This study reviewed 127 encounters of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases at a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic, finding that patients can experience persistent respiratory symptoms that may require hospitalization.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Inflammatory Profiles and Clinical Features of Coronavirus 2019 Survivors 3 Months After Discharge in Wuhan, China

Mei Zhou et al.

Summary: The study found that inflammation and vascular injury persisted in COVID-19 patients 3 months after discharge, and were closely correlated with abnormal clinical features, especially in severe patients. Immune cell levels had returned to normal levels and were not significantly correlated with abnormal clinical features.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Total and Subgenomic RNA Viral Load in Hospitalized Patients

Derek E. Dimcheff et al.

Summary: The study investigated the detection of total and subgenomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples and their relationship to symptom duration. Results showed that subgenomic RNA levels declined linearly with total RNA levels, with a constant relationship over the duration of symptoms. This suggests that subgenomic RNA may not provide additional information on infectivity beyond what can be determined by total RNA copies.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection A Systematic Review

Destin Groff et al.

Summary: This systematic review found that more than half of COVID-19 survivors experienced PASC 6 months after recovery, with the most common effects being functional mobility impairments, pulmonary abnormalities, and mental health disorders.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19

Ziyad Al-Aly et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively describes the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 using national healthcare databases, finding increased risk of death and use of health resources beyond the first 30 days of illness, as well as incident sequelae in various organ systems, increased use of therapeutic agents, and evidence of laboratory abnormalities. The findings show a risk gradient according to the severity of acute COVID-19 infection and highlight the burden of health loss experienced by patients who survive the acute phase.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) and Viral Infections

Christian K. Pfaller et al.

Summary: C6 deamination of adenosine to inosine in dsRNA is catalyzed by ADARs enzymes encoded by three genes in mammals. Different ADAR1 proteins, p150 and p110, are produced through alternative promoters and splicing, with ADAR2 being a nuclear enzyme. A-to-I editing occurs in both viral and cellular RNAs, with activity dependent on substrate structure and regulatory RNA-binding proteins.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 8 (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Detection of respiratory syncytial virus defective genomes in nasal secretions is associated with distinct clinical outcomes

Sebastien A. Felt et al.

Summary: Kinetics of defective viral genome accumulation in RSV A infection in humans are associated with clinical outcomes, with early detection of DVGs potentially linked to mild disease and late detection linked to severe disease.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Therapeutic alphavirus cross-reactive E1 human antibodies inhibit viral egress

Lauren E. Williamson et al.

Summary: Antibody responses to alphavirus E1 proteins are influenced by the exposure of epitopes on the glycoprotein and their presentation on the cell surface. Therapeutic efficacy in vivo corresponds with virus egress inhibition potency in vitro, and treatment does not require Fc-mediated effector functions.

CELL (2021)

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Article Immunology

Persistent RNA virus infection is short-lived at the single-cell level but leaves transcriptomic footprints

Peter Reuther et al.

Summary: Our study reveals that the systemic persistence of a prototypic noncytolytic RNA virus depends on continuous spread and reinfection. However, undefined cell-intrinsic mechanisms prevent viral persistence at the single-cell level, but lead to profound transcriptomic alterations in virus-cleared cells.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Normalized Viral Loads and Subgenomic RNA Detection as Tools for Improving Clinical Decision Making and Work Reincorporation

Marta Santos Bravo et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that normalized viral loads and sgRNA can be effective tools in monitoring COVID-19 patients, overcoming the variability in RT-PCR results. The positivity of sgRNA correlates with viral culture viability, indicating its potential as a marker for viral infectivity.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Virology

Identification and Characterization of Defective Viral Genomes in Ebola Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques

Rebecca Johnson et al.

Summary: This study found that defective viral genomes (DVGs) accumulate in nonhuman primates infected with Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV), particularly in the testes of infected NHPs. The presence of these DVGs in the viral infections indicates a potential role in EBOV and SUDV pathogenesis, and further research is needed to understand their significance in disease persistence.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

BUD23-TRMT112 interacts with the L protein of Borna disease virus and mediates the chromosomal tethering of viral ribonucleoproteins

Bea Clarise B. Garcia et al.

Summary: BoDV-1 utilizes vRNPs to maintain nuclear infection by tethering them onto host chromosomes. TRMT112 interacts with BoDV-1 L at the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain, along with BUD23, mediating the chromosomal tethering of BoDV-1 vRNPs.

MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Resurgence of Ebola virus in 2021 in Guinea suggests a new paradigm for outbreaks

Alpha Kabinet Keita et al.

Summary: The 2021 Ebola virus outbreak in Guinea was found to be a resurgence from the previous outbreak, rather than a new spillover event from an animal reservoir. This highlights the need for long-term medical and social care for survivors to reduce the risk of re-emergence and prevent further stigmatization.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Molecular Features of the Measles Virus Viral Fusion Complex That Favor Infection and Spread in the Brain

Cyrille Mathieu et al.

Summary: The study found that a single amino acid change in the fusion protein (F) of measles virus (MeV) can enhance the virus's ability to spread in the central nervous system, leading to serious complications. Furthermore, the research showed that virus spread in brain tissue can be blocked by an inhibitory peptide targeting the F protein.

MBIO (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Clinical and molecular characteristics of COVID-19 patients with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection

Bin Yang et al.

Summary: Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients is associated with immune suppression and reduced expression of ribosomal protein genes, as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing and other data analysis.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Immunology

Unraveling the Mystery Surrounding Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan et al.

Summary: COVID-19 has been present for over a year with limited treatment options available. Some recovered patients experience lingering symptoms, known as long COVID-19, possibly due to a persistent immune response causing ongoing inflammation processes.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection

Deborah Cromer et al.

Summary: The duration of immunity to COVID-19 and the risk of reinfection remain unclear. Immunity is crucial for long-term control of the pandemic, but studies suggest a decline in antibody responses and an increase in documented cases of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. Understanding memory responses and immune control dynamics is essential for designing vaccines and predicting the future trajectory of the pandemic.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

ADAR Editing in Viruses: An Evolutionary Force to Reckon with

Helen Piontkivska et al.

Summary: ADARs are RNA editing enzymes that play a key role in regulating transcriptome and proteome diversity, particularly in viral infections. The impact of ADAR editing on viral replication should be viewed on a spectrum rather than a binary scale, with the position of a virus on this spectrum being highly dependent on various factors. Further research is needed to understand the dynamic factors influencing virus-ADAR interactions and viral evolution.

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2021)

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Article Virology

Interferon-Gamma Modulation of the Local T Cell Response to Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis

Victoria K. Baxter et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2020)

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Article Immunology

Ebola-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Sierra Leonean Ebola Virus Survivors With or Without Post-Ebola Sequelae

Stephanie M. LaVergne et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Visualization of cell-type dependent effects of anti-E2 antibody and interferon-gamma treatments on localization and expression of Broccoli aptamer-tagged alphavirus RNAs

Voraphoj Nilaratanakul et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Oligodendrocytes that survive acute coronavirus infection induce prolonged inflammatory responses in the CNS

Ruangang Pan et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Review Virology

Acute RNA Viral Encephalomyelitis and the Role of Antibodies in the Central Nervous System

Maggie L. Bartlett et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The NF-κB/leukemia inhibitory factor/STAT3 signaling pathway in antibody-mediated suppression of Sindbis virus replication in neurons

Jane X. Yeh et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Variation around the dominant viral genome sequence contributes to viral load and outcome in patients with Ebola virus disease

Xiaofeng Dong et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Microbiology

The switch between acute and persistent paramyxovirus infection caused by single amino acid substitutions in the RNA polymerase P subunit

Dan F. Young et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2019)

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Article Virology

Immune-Mediated Control of a Dormant Neurotropic RNA Virus Infection

Katelyn D. Miller et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2019)

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Article Virology

Interferon-Stimulated Genes: What Do They All Do?

John W. Schoggins

ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 6, 2019 (2019)

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Review Microbiology

Defective viral genomes are key drivers of the virus-host interaction

Marco Vignuzzi et al.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Persistence of Zika Virus in Body Fluids-Final Report

Gabriela Paz-Bailey et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Immunology

Factors Associated With Prolonged Viral Shedding in Patients With Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Infection

Yeming Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2018)

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Article Immunology

Asymptomatic Summertime Shedding of Respiratory Viruses

Jeffrey Shaman et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2018)

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Article Virology

Germ Line IgM Is Sufficient, but Not Required, for Antibody-Mediated Alphavirus Clearance from the Central Nervous System

Voraphoj Nilaratanakul et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2018)

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Article Virology

Following Acute Encephalitis, Semliki Forest Virus is Undetectable in the Brain by Infectivity Assays but Functional Virus RNA Capable of Generating Infectious Virus Persists for Life

Rennos Fragkoudis et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2018)

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Article Microbiology

Direct cell-to-cell transmission of respiratory viruses: The fast lanes

Nicolas Cifuentes-Munoz et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2018)

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Article Microbiology

Persistent Marburg Virus Infection in the Testes of Nonhuman Primate Survivors

Kayla M. Coffin et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2018)

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Article Microbiology

Neutralizing Antibodies Inhibit Chikungunya Virus Budding at the Plasma Membrane

Jing Jin et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2018)

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Review Virology

Persistence and Sexual Transmission of Filoviruses

Brayden G. Schindell et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Studies into the mechanism of measles-associated immune suppression during a measles outbreak in the Netherlands

Brigitta M. Laksono et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Review Immunology

Beyond binding: antibody effector functions in infectious diseases

Lenette L. Lu et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Deep sequencing reveals persistence of cell-associated mumps vaccine virus in chronic encephalitis

Sofia Morfopoulou et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2017)

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Article Immunology

Male-to-Female Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus-United States, January-April 2016

Kate Russell et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CG dinucleotide suppression enables antiviral defence targeting non-self RNA

Matthew A. Takata et al.

NATURE (2017)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Why are neurons susceptible to Zika virus?

Diane E. Griffin

SCIENCE (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Replication defective viral genomes exploit a cellular pro-survival mechanism to establish paramyxovirus persistence

Jie Xu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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Article Virology

Persistent RNA virus infections: do PAMPS drive chronic disease?

Mary K. McCarthy et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2017)

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Article Virology

Ebola virus persistence as a new focus in clinical research

Katie Caviness et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2017)

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Article Virology

Within host RNA virus persistence: mechanisms and consequences

Richard E. Randall et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2017)

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Article Microbiology

Zika Virus infection of rhesus macaques leads to viral persistence in multiple tissues

Alec J. Hirsch et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2017)

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Article Microbiology

Identification and pathological characterization of persistent asymptomatic Ebola virus infection in rhesus monkeys

Xiankun Zeng et al.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Evolution of T Cell Responses during Measles Virus Infection and RNA Clearance

Ashley N. Nelson et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2017)

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Article Immunology

Presence and Persistence of Zika Virus RNA in Semen, United Kingdom, 2016

Barry Atkinson et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2017)

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Article Immunology

Resurgence of Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea Linked to a Survivor With Virus Persistence in Seminal Fluid for More Than 500 Days

Boubacar Diallo et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Persistence of Ebola virus in various body fluids during convalescence: evidence and implications for disease transmission and control

A. A. Chughtai et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2016)

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Article Immunology

New Evidence of Long-lasting Persistence of Ebola Virus Genetic Material in Semen of Survivors

Mamadou S. Sow et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Late Ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis: a case report

Michael Jacobs et al.

LANCET (2016)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Late sexual transmission of Zika virus related to persistence in the semen

Jean Marie Turmel et al.

LANCET (2016)

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Article Immunology

Antibody Response and Disease Severity in Healthcare Worker MERS Survivors

Abeer N. Alshukairi et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Article Immunology

Post-Ebola Syndrome, Sierra Leone

Janet T. Scott et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Letter Immunology

Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus and Persistence in Semen, New Zealand, 2016

Jay Harrower et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Article Oncology

Detection of adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Exacerbation versus stable condition

Nurdan Kokturk et al.

MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS (2015)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

EBOLA Hidden reservoirs

Jonathan L. Heeney

NATURE (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Molecular Evidence of Sexual Transmission of Ebola Virus

S. E. Mate et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Persistence of Ebola Virus in Ocular Fluid during Convalescence

Jay B. Varkey et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

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Review Virology

Endogenous viruses: Connecting recent and ancient viral evolution

Pakorn Aiewsakun et al.

VIROLOGY (2015)

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Article Microbiology

Immunostimulatory Defective Viral Genomes from Respiratory Syncytial Virus Promote a Strong Innate Antiviral Response during Infection in Mice and Humans

Yan Sun et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2015)

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Article Virology

Differentiation of Neurons Restricts Arbovirus Replication and Increases Expression of the Alpha Isoform of IRF-7

Kimberly L. W. Schultz et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2015)

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Review Virology

Interferon-Induced Ifit Proteins: Their Role in Viral Pathogenesis

Volker Fensterl et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2015)

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Article Virology

Recruitment and Retention of B Cells in the Central Nervous System in Response to Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis

Talibah U. Metcalf et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2013)

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Article Virology

Deep Sequencing Analysis of Defective Genomes of Parainfluenza Virus 5 and Their Role in Interferon Induction

M. J. Killip et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2013)

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Article Microbiology

Bornavirus Closely Associates and Segregates with Host Chromosomes to Ensure Persistent Intranuclear Infection

Yusuke Matsumoto et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Control Persistence of Viral CNS Infection

Dajana Reuter et al.

PLOS ONE (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Prolonged persistence of measles virus RNA is characteristic of primary infection dynamics

Wen-Hsuan W. Lin et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2012)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Prolonged viral shedding in pandemic influenza A(H1N1): clinical significance and viral load analysis in hospitalized patients

M. Giannella et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2011)

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Article Immunology

Biological Feasibility of Measles Eradication

William J. Moss et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2011)

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Article Virology

Alphavirus-Induced Encephalomyelitis: Antibody-Secreting Cells and Viral Clearance from the Nervous System

Talibah U. Metcalf et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2011)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Acute hepatitis A virus infection is associated with a limited type I interferon response and persistence of intrahepatic viral RNA

Robert E. Lanford et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

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Article Virology

Clearance of virus infection from the CNS

Diane E. Griffin et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2011)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Chikungunya disease in nonhuman primates involves long-term viral persistence in macrophages

Karine Labadie et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2010)

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Article Immunology

Persistent Chronic Inflammation and Infection by Chikungunya Arthritogenic Alphavirus in Spite of a Robust Host Immune Response

Jean-Jacques Hoarau et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2010)

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Article Immunology

Persistent Infection with West Nile Virus Years after Initial Infection

Kristy Murray et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2010)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Persistence of West Nile Virus in the Central Nervous System and Periphery of Mice

Kim K. Appler et al.

PLOS ONE (2010)

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Article Immunology

De Novo Recruitment of Antigen-Experienced and Naive T Cells Contributes to the Long-Term Maintenance of Antiviral T Cell Populations in the Persistently Infected Central Nervous System

Jingxian Zhao et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

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Article Virology

Noncytolytic Clearance of Sindbis Virus Infection from Neurons by Gamma Interferon Is Dependent on Jak/Stat Signaling

Rebeca Burdeinick-Kerr et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2009)

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Article Immunology

Duration of antibody responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome

Li-Ping Wu et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2007)

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Article Virology

Slow clearance of measles virus RNA after acute infection

Michaela A. Riddell et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2007)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Genome trimming by Borna disease viruses: Viral replication control or escape from cellular surveillance?

U. Schneider et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2007)

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Article Virology

Persistent antigen presentation after acute vesicular stomatitis virus infection

Damian L. Turner et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2007)

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Article Virology

Serum antibody decay in adults following natural respiratory syncytial virus infection

Ann R. Falsey et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2006)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Respiratory syncytial virus, airway inflammation, and FEV1 decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

TMA Wilkinson et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2006)

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Article Immunology

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