4.5 Article

Persistence of immunogenicity, contributing factors of an immune response, and reactogenicities after a single dose of the ChAdOx1 (AZD1222) COVID-19 vaccine in the Thai population

Journal

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages -

Publisher

TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2035573

Keywords

ChAdOx1; AZD1222; COVID-19 vaccine; single-dose vaccine; immunogenicity; safety

Funding

  1. Chulabhorn Royal Academy

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This study suggests that the immune response to a single dose of the AZD1222 vaccine remains stable for three months in the Thai population.
Introduction Due to the vaccine's short supply and the efficacy of a single dose of the ChAdOx1 (AZD1222) vaccine, many governments delayed the interval between prime and boost dose from 4 to 8-12 weeks. However, the waning of immune response in this period is a concern. This study evaluated the durability, contributing factors of anti-RBD antibody concentration, and reactogenicities after the single dose of AZD1222 vaccine in the Thai population. Methods This was a single-center, prospective cohort study at Chulabhorn Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Individuals 18 years or older who were negative for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody were eligible. Anti- receptor-binding domain antibody concentrations were tested at least three weeks after the first vaccination and immediately before the second dose of vaccine. Information on reactogenicities was obtained via a questionnaire sent by a short message service. Results Anti-RBD Antibody concentration at 2 and 3 months post-vaccination were significantly higher than at 1 months post-vaccination (20.14 BAU/mL (95%CI; 16.37, 24.77) at 1 month, 48.08 BAU/mL (95%CI; 42.76, 54.08) at 2 month, and 65.01 BAU/mL (95%CI; 58.88,71.61) at 3 month). Adverse events occurred in approximately 60% of participants. Factors influencing vaccine immunogenicity include age, sex, the time elapsed from the first dose of vaccine, and underlying disease with diabetes and hematologic disease. Conclusion A single dose of AZD1222 could elicit immune responses that did not decline within three months in Thai individuals. These data support the public health strategy of a delay between the prime and boost dose of AZD1222 of 4 to 12 weeks.

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