Spatiotemporal analysis of meteorological drought variability in a homogeneous region using standardized drought indices

Drought is one of the most common climatic or meteorological hazards and has spatiotemporal characteristics that substantially impact the livelihoods and economy worldwide. Therefore, there is a need for efficient procedures that accurately identify spatiotemporal variability. Moreover, it is crucial to continuously assess and monitor spatiotemporal drought occurrence in a certain region to prevent unfavourable impacts. For this purpose, the current study develops a new procedure for spatiotemporal analysis of the region: The Spatio-Temporal Weighted Joint Agglomerative Drought Index (STWJADI). The STWJADI is mainly based on a weighting scheme known as the Spatio-Temporal Two-Stage Standardized Weighting Scheme (STTSSWS). In the first stage of the STTSSWS, the steady-state probabilities are computed for several stations (Astor, Bunji, Chilas, Gupis, Skardu, and Gilgit) of the Northern region of Pakistan at a 1-month time scale (scale-1) to allocate weights for various drought classes. Moreover, in the second stage of the STTSSWS, the weights are allocated based on spatiotemporal weighting characteristics to acquire new weights for the numerous drought classes in the designated region. Further, the spatiotemporal weights attained from STTSSWS are utilized to compute the STWJADI. The outcomes of the STWJADI provide efficient and comprehensive information for drought characterization in the selected region.

Automated summary

Drought is a common climatic hazard that affects people's livelihoods and the economy worldwide. In order to accurately identify spatiotemporal variability and prevent negative impacts, a new procedure called STWJADI, based on the weighting scheme STTSSWS, has been developed in this study. It provides efficient and comprehensive information for drought characterization in the selected region.