Journal
NUTRIENTS
Volume 14, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14112242
Keywords
BMDC; dendritic cells; fucoidan; differentially expressed genes (DEGs); gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA); type I IFN; innate immune cells; PRR; SARS-CoV-2; antiviral
Categories
Funding
- Chungnam National University
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2019R1I1A3A01060331]
- Brain Pool Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science and ICT [NRF-2020H1D3A2A02048437]
- Ministry of Science and Technology [NRF-2021M3H9A1030267]
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Fucoidan activates the antiviral response of dendritic cells by regulating transcription factors, promoting virus-specific response pathways, interferon production and signaling, and enhancing antigen presentation and co-stimulation functionality.
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, has been proposed to effectively treat and prevent various viral infections. However, the mechanisms behind its antiviral activity are not completely understood. We investigate here the global transcriptional changes in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) using RNA-Seq technology. Through both analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found that fucoidan-treated BMDCs were enriched in virus-specific response pathways, including that of SARS-CoV-2, as well as pathways associated with nucleic acid-sensing receptors (RLR, TLR, NLR, STING), and type I interferon (IFN) production. We show that these transcriptome changes are driven by well-known regulators of the inflammatory response against viruses, including IRF, NF-kappa B, and STAT family transcription factors. Furthermore, 435 of the 950 upregulated DEGs are classified as type I IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Flow cytometric analysis additionally showed that fucoidan increased MHCII, CD80, and CD40 surface markers in BMDCs, indicative of greater antigen presentation and co-stimulation functionality. Our current study suggests that fucoidan transcriptionally activates PRR signaling, type I IFN production and signaling, ISGs production, and DC maturation, highlighting a potential mechanism of fucoidan-induced antiviral activity.
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