4.7 Article

The Development of the Davis Food Glycopedia-A Glycan Encyclopedia of Food

Journal

NUTRIENTS
Volume 14, Issue 8, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14081639

Keywords

complementary foods; monosaccharide; polysaccharide; food composition; diet; dietary carbohydrates; fiber; library; microbiome; triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Funding

  1. National Institutes of Health [R01DK124193]
  2. USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2020-67021-32855, 1024262]
  3. USDA [ARS 2032-51530-026-000-D]

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The molecular complexity of carbohydrates consumed by humans has been oversimplified due to the lack of suitable analytical methods. This work presents a detailed catalogue of glycans in commonly consumed foods and establishes an open-access database. The Glycopedia can be used to formulate targeted diets that modulate the gut microbiome, opening possibilities for new preventative or therapeutic diets.
The molecular complexity of the carbohydrates consumed by humans has been deceptively oversimplified due to a lack of analytical methods that possess the throughput, sensitivity, and resolution required to provide quantitative structural information. However, such information is becoming an integral part of understanding how specific glycan structures impact health through their interaction with the gut microbiome and host physiology. This work presents a detailed catalogue of the glycans present in complementary foods commonly consumed by toddlers during weaning and foods commonly consumed by American adults. The monosaccharide compositions of over 800 foods from diverse food groups including Fruits, Vegetables, Grain Products, Beans, Peas, Other Legumes, Nuts, Seeds; Sugars, Sweets and Beverages; Animal Products, and more were obtained and used to construct the Davis Food Glycopedia (DFG), an open-access database that provides quantitative structural information on the carbohydrates in food. While many foods within the same group possessed similar compositions, hierarchical clustering analysis revealed similarities between different groups as well. Such a Glycopedia can be used to formulate diets rich in specific monosaccharide residues to provide a more targeted modulation of the gut microbiome, thereby opening the door for a new class of prophylactic or therapeutic diets.

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