Children's School-Day Nutrient Intake in Ontario: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study Comparing Students' Packed Lunches from Two School Schedules

This study compared the caloric and nutrient values of packed lunch contents and consumption in the Balanced School Day (BSD) (two 20 min eating periods) versus the Traditional Schedule (TS) (one 20 min lunch). Foods consumed during school were assessed by direct food observation in 321 grade 3 and 4 students, aged 7-10 years, at 9 BSD and 10 TS elementary schools in Ontario. Packed lunch contents in the BSD were significantly higher than the TS in energy (3128.14 +/- 1100.36 vs. 2658.98 +/- 951.34 kJ, p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, carbohydrates, total sugar, protein, fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), calcium, iron, and sodium were significantly higher in the BSD versus TS packed lunches. Correspondingly, students in the BSD consumed significantly more energy, carbohydrates, total sugar, and SFA compared to the TS. Overall, lunches brought by students in the BSD schedule provided more energy across all macronutrients, with only a few micronutrients showing increased amounts, suggesting two 20 min eating opportunities could contribute to excess caloric intake during school, potentially contributing to the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Canada. Furthermore, packed lunches in both schedules had excess amounts of nutrients of concern and much work is needed to ensure that children in Canada receive nutritious lunches at school.

Automated summary

This study compared the caloric and nutrient values of packed lunches and found that those brought by students in the Balanced School Day (BSD) had higher energy and nutrient content compared to those in the Traditional Schedule (TS). Students in the BSD consumed more energy and nutrients, suggesting that two 20-minute eating opportunities could contribute to excess caloric intake and potentially childhood overweight and obesity. Both schedules had packed lunches with excess amounts of nutrients of concern, highlighting the need for nutritious lunches in Canadian schools.