Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28660-7
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Funding
- Wellcome [204963, 094232, 101497/Z/13/Z]
- Royal Society Professorial Fellowship [RSRP\R1\211057]
- BBSRC through its Research Equipment Initiative scheme [BB/E012558/1]
- EPSRC [EP/N013573/1, EP/I037210/1, EP/I037172/1]
- University of Leeds
- Wellcome Trust [062164/Z/00/Z]
- Wellcome Trust [101497/Z/13/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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This study applied chemical kinetics to investigate the assembly mechanism of hIAPP and discovered two small-molecule modulators that can regulate hIAPP assembly, which can serve as promising starting-points for research on hIAPP aggregation and the development of therapeutics for T2D.
Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) self-assembles into amyloid fibrils which deposit in pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Here, we applied chemical kinetics to study the mechanism of amyloid assembly of wild-type hIAPP and its more amyloidogenic natural variant S20G. We show that the aggregation of both peptides involves primary nucleation, secondary nucleation and elongation. We also report the discovery of two structurally distinct small-molecule modulators of hIAPP assembly, one delaying the aggregation of wt hIAPP, but not S20G; while the other enhances the rate of aggregation of both variants at substoichiometric concentrations. Investigation into the inhibition mechanism(s) using chemical kinetics, native mass spectrometry, fluorescence titration, SPR and NMR revealed that the inhibitor retards primary nucleation, secondary nucleation and elongation, by binding peptide monomers. By contrast, the accelerator predominantly interacts with species formed in the lag phase. These compounds represent useful chemical tools to study hIAPP aggregation and may serve as promising starting-points for the development of therapeutics for T2D.
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