Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
Volume 16, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.846905
Keywords
electrophysiology; optogenetic stimulation; optogenetic inhibition; alpha oscillations; beta oscillations; theta oscillations; delta oscillations; gamma oscillations
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This review discusses the application of optogenetics and related techniques in studying brain oscillations and their functional roles. By studying brain rhythms associated with behavior, insights can be gained at different levels, providing a better understanding of the complex behavioral regulation involving brain oscillations.
A century worth of research has linked multiple cognitive, perceptual and behavioral states to various brain oscillations. However, the mechanistic roles and circuit underpinnings of these oscillations remain an area of active study. In this review, we argue that the advent of optogenetic and related systems neuroscience techniques has shifted the field from correlational to causal observations regarding the role of oscillations in brain function. As a result, studying brain rhythms associated with behavior can provide insight at different levels, such as decoding task-relevant information, mapping relevant circuits or determining key proteins involved in rhythmicity. We summarize recent advances in this field, highlighting the methods that are being used for this purpose, and discussing their relative strengths and limitations. We conclude with promising future approaches that will help unravel the functional role of brain rhythms in orchestrating the repertoire of complex behavior.
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