Journal
RICE
Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00566-4
Keywords
Genome editing; Molecular breeding; Metabolic engineering
Categories
Funding
- Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP), Technologies for Smart Bio-industry and Agriculture (funding agency: Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution), Cabinet Office, Government of Japan
- Moonshot Research and Development Program for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (funding agency: Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution)
- Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, Public/Private R&D Investment Strategic Expansion Program (PRISM)
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Genome editing technology is widely used in plant gene engineering and metabolic engineering, allowing for targeted gene knockout, modification, creation of new genetic alleles, and regulation of target gene expression level.
Genome editing technology can be used for gene engineering in many organisms. A target metabolite can be fortified by the knockout and modification of target genes encoding enzymes involved in catabolic and biosynthesis pathways, respectively, via genome editing technology. Genome editing is also applied to genes encoding proteins other than enzymes, such as chaperones and transporters. There are many reports of such metabolic engineering using genome editing technology in rice. Genome editing is used not only for site-directed mutagenesis such as the substitution of a single base in a target gene but also for random mutagenesis at a targeted region. The latter enables the creation of novel genetic alleles in a target gene. Recently, genome editing technology has been applied to random mutagenesis in a targeted gene and its promoter region in rice, enabling the screening of plants with a desirable trait from these mutants. Moreover, the expression level of a target gene can be artificially regulated by a combination of genome editing tools such as catalytically inactivated Cas protein with transcription activator or repressor. This approach could be useful for metabolic engineering, although expression cassettes for inactivated Cas fused to a transcriptional activator or repressor should be stably transformed into the rice genome. Thus, the rapid development of genome editing technology has been expanding the scope of molecular breeding including metabolic engineering. In this paper, we review the current status of genome editing technology and its application to metabolic engineering in rice.
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