Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 213, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118147
Keywords
Suspended particle matter; Flocculation; Heterogeneous composition; Organic matter; Microplastics; AB; Alcian Blue; CBB; Coomassie Brilliant Blue; CSPs; Coomassie stainable particles; DOM; Dissolved organic matter; ENPs; Engineered nanoparticles; EPS; Extracellular polymeric substances; FA; Fulvic acids; HA; Humic acids; Hm; Humin; HS; Humic substances; LB-EPS; Loosely bound EPS; MPs; Microplastics; OM; Organic matter; OWFs; Offshore wind farms; POM; Particulate organic matter; SPM; Suspended particulate matter; TB-EPS; Tightly bound EPS; TEP; Transparent exopolymer particles; TOC; Total organic carbon
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2020R1I1A3A04036895]
- K-water Coporation [21-BW-005]
- Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO) within the BRAIN-be program
- Maritime Access Division of the Flemish Ministry of Mobility and Public Works
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M009726/1, NE/N011678/1]
- NERC [NE/N011678/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Flocculation is a critical process for controlling the fate and transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water environments. However, the lack of comprehensive research on the composition and structure of flocs has led to misconceptions about the dynamics of SPM. This review summarizes the current understanding of the heterogeneous composition of flocs and discusses the effects of human activities on floc composition.
Flocculation is a key process for controlling the fate and transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water environments and has received considerable attention in the field of water science (e.g., oceanography, limnology, and hydrology), remaining an active area of research. The research on flocculation has been conducted to elucidate the SPM dynamics and to diagnose various environmental issues. The flocculation, sedimentation, and transportation of SPM are closely linked to the compositional and structural properties of flocs. In fact, flocs are highly heterogeneous in terms of composition. However, the lack of comprehensive research on floc composition and structure has led to misconceptions regarding the temporal and spatial dynamics of SPM. This review summarizes the current understanding of the heterogeneous composition of flocs (e.g., minerals, organic matter, metals, microplastic, engineered nanoparticles) and its effect on their structure and on their fate and transport within aquatic environments. Furthermore, the effects of human activities (e.g., pollutant discharge, construction) on floc composition are discussed.
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