Journal
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Volume 48, Issue 5, Pages 933-944Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.01.021
Keywords
Sonophoresis; Acoustic pressure; Nanoparticles; Acoustic impedance; Transdermal penetration
Funding
- Interdisciplinary Research Support for Scientists (Office of Research and Innovation, Tokyo Institute of Technology)
- Mizuho Foundation for the Promotion of Sciences
- Japan Racing Association (JKA) Tokyo
- KEIRIN RACE
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Ultrasound is a promising non-invasive technique for transdermal delivery, and a new device was designed to investigate the mechanism of sonophoresis. The experiments showed that the acoustic pressure and cavitation onset are sensitive to the subcutaneous support material, and the penetration of particles depends on their size, material, and the hardness of the subcutaneous support.
Ultrasound facilitates the penetration of macromolecular compounds through the skin and offers a promising non-invasive technique for transdermal delivery. However, technical difficulties in quantifying ultrasound-related parameters have restricted further analysis of the sonophoresis mechanism. In this study, we devise a bolt-clamped Langevin transducer-based sonophoresis device that enables us to measure with a thin lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensor. One-dimensional acoustic theory accounting for wave interaction at the skin interface indicates that the acoustic pressure and cavitation onset on the skin during sonophoresis are sensitive to the subcutaneous support, meaning that there is a strong need to perform the pressure measurement in an experimental environment replacing the human body. From a series of the experiments with our new device, the transdermal penetration of polystyrene, silica and gold nanoparticles is found to depend on the size and material of the particles, as well as the hardness of the subcutaneous support material. We speculate from the acoustic pressure measurement that the particles' penetration results from the mechanical action of cavitation.(E-mail: kurashina@mac.titech.ac.jp) (c) 2022 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. All rights reserved.
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