Journal
TRENDS IN GENETICS
Volume 38, Issue 7, Pages 766-781Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.02.007
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Funding
- Innovation Fund Denmark [8088-00049B]
- VILLUM FONDEN [00023247]
- Independent Research Fund Denmark [FNU 6108-00171B]
- Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF18OC0053139, NNF21OC0072 031]
- European Union [899417]
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Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) plays important roles in cancer pathogenesis, tumor heterogeneity evolution, and therapeutic resistance. This review provides an overview of the different names, formation mechanisms, and research methods of eccDNA, as well as explores its potential clinical value.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a closed-circle, nuclear, nonplasmid DNA molecule found in all tested eukaryotes. eccDNA plays important roles in cancer pathogenesis, evolution of tumor heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance. It is known under many names, including very large cancer-specific circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), which carries oncogenes and is often amplified in cancer cells. Our understanding of eccDNA has historically been limited and fragmented. To provide better a context of new and previous research on eccDNA, in this review we give an overview of the various names given to eccDNA at different times. We describe the different mechanisms for formation of eccDNA and the methods used to study eccDNA thus far. Finally, we explore the potential clinical value of eccDNA.
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