The earliest history of eukaryotic life: uncovering an evolutionary story through the integration of biological and geological data

While there is significant data on eukaryogenesis and the early development of the eukaryotic lineage, major uncertainties regarding their origins and evolution remain, including questions of taxonomy, timing, and paleoecology. Here we examine the origin and diversification of the eukaryotes in the Proterozoic Eon as viewed through fossils, organic biomarkers, molecular clocks, phylogenies, and redox proxies. Our interpretation of the integration of these data suggest that eukaryotes were likely aerobic and established in Proterozoic ecosystems. We argue that we must closely examine and integrate both biological and geological evidence and examine points of agreement and contention to gain new insights into the true origin and early evolutionary history of this vastly important group.

Automated summary

This article examines the origin and diversification of eukaryotes in the Proterozoic Era. Through the integration of fossils, organic biomarkers, molecular clocks, phylogenies, and redox proxies, the study suggests that eukaryotes likely emerged in aerobic environments in the Proterozoic Era. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating biological and geological evidence and analyzing points of agreement and contention to gain new insights into the origin and early evolutionary history of this important group.