Journal
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
Volume 191, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2022.106399
Keywords
Rare earths; E-waste; Inductively coupled plasma optical emission; spectroscopy; Spectral interferences; Method development
Categories
Funding
- Federal office of the Environment, Switzerland (FOEN) [UTF-1011-05300]
- SCCER BIOSWEET (Biomass for Swiss Energy Future)
- ESI platform (Energy System Inte-gration, CH)
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The advent of rare earth elements (REEs) has led to a shift in technology paradigm and increased the importance of recycling e-waste for the recovery of critical raw materials. However, the recycling of REEs from e-waste is often challenging due to the low metal concentration, complex composition, and difficult chemical characterization. This paper presents an ICP-OES analysis and spectral interference correction approach that can be applied to any element and e-waste type, showcasing examples for dissolved fluorescent powder and surrogate NdFeB magnet samples.
The advent of rare earth elements (REEs) with optoelectronic properties has shifted the technology paradigm from digital to a smart and hybrid world. Their substantial uses also resulted in a large piling up of e-waste. Therefore, e-waste is now a lucrative recycling target for the recovery of such critical raw materials. Their recycling from e-waste is often challenged by dilute metal concentration, complex composition, and difficult chemical characterisation. Generally, the characterisation of e-waste involves elemental determination techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ICP-OES is attractive for a recycling or research sector because it has a higher matrix tolerance and lower cost than ICP-MS. In this work, the intensity at 445 line positions measured by an ICP-OES instrument was compiled in a 2D diagram to map interferences by 27 prominent lines from 9 REEs. The second diagram shows the impact at 230 neighbouring line positions measured in each of, in total, 17 (i.e., 9 REEs and 8 non-REEs) single-standard solutions in terms of the concentration of the element type affected. The spectral interference correction algorithm proposed here had been developed by us for a recycling process to obtain pure Y, Eu, and Tb from fluorescent powder (FP) in spent lamps. The ICP-OES analysis and spectral interference correction approach presented here can be applied to any element and e-waste type. To underline this, the paper gives examples for elements in dissolved FP and surrogate NdFeB magnet samples.
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