Journal
SENSORS
Volume 22, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s22103796
Keywords
printed actuators; paper electronics; screen printing; haptics; piezoelectrics; P(VDF-TrFE)
Funding
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03VP02980]
- EFRE/SMWA (RL Validierungsforderung) [100544970]
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This study demonstrates a novel paper-based multifunctional haptic feedback device that provides clear tactile feedback, audible information, and color printing for interactive displays. The device is flexible and lightweight, and exhibits high out-of-plane deflection at a moderate driving voltage.
With a growing number of electronic devices surrounding our daily life, it becomes increasingly important to create solutions for clear and simple communication and interaction at the human machine interface (HMI). Haptic feedback solutions play an important role as they give a clear direct link and response to the user. This work demonstrates multifunctional haptic feedback devices based on fully printed piezoelectric transducers realized with functional polymers on thin paper substrate. The devices are flexible; lightweight and show very high out-of-plane deflection of 213 mu m at a moderate driving voltage of 50 V-rms (root mean square) achieved by an innovative multilayer design with up to five individually controllable active layers. The device creates a very clear haptic sensation to the human skin with a blocking force of 0.6 N at the resonance frequency of 320 Hz, which is located in the most sensitive range of the human fingertip. Additionally the transducer generates audible information above two kilohertz with a remarkable high sound pressure level. Thus the paper-based approach can be used for interactive displays in combination with touch sensation; sound and color prints. The work gives insights into the manufacturing process; the electrical characteristics; and an in-depth analysis of the 3D deflection of the device under variable conditions
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