Journal
SENSORS
Volume 22, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s22062203
Keywords
gait mechanics; pressure insole; ground reaction force; validation; reliability
Funding
- Grainger Chair of the Rush Arthritis and Orthopedics Institute
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This study evaluated the validity and reliability of Insole3 as an alternative to force plates for measuring vertical ground reaction force (vGRF). The results showed that Insole3 had excellent agreement with force plates during walking and running in healthy adults, indicating its potential as a portable and reliable tool for vGRF assessment outside of specialized laboratories.
Pressure-detecting insoles such as the Insole3 have potential as a portable alternative for assessing vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) outside of specialized laboratories. This study evaluated whether the Insole3 is a valid and reliable alternative to force plates for measuring vGRF. Eleven healthy participants walked overground at slow and moderately paced speeds and ran at a moderate pace while collecting vGRF simultaneously from a force plate (3000 Hz) and Insole3 (100 Hz). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) demonstrated excellent vGRF agreement between systems during both walking speeds for Peak 1, Peak 2, the valley between peaks, and the vGRF impulse (ICC > 0.941). There was excellent agreement during running for the single vGRF peak (ICC = 0.942) and impulse (ICC = 0.940). The insoles slightly underestimated vGRF peaks (-3.7% to 0.9% bias) and valleys (-2.2% to -1.8% bias), and slightly overestimated impulses (4.2% to 5.6% bias). Reliability between visits for all three activities was excellent (ICC > 0.970). The Insole3 is a valid and reliable alternative to traditional force plates for assessing vGRF during walking and running in healthy adults. The excellent ICC values during slow walking suggests that the Insole3 may be particularly suitable for older adults in clinical and home settings.
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