Apolygus lucorum-induced resistance in Vitis vinifera L. elicits changes at the phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical levels

The infestation of the pest Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dur, 1843) induced changes in Vitis vinifera L. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' at the growth, physiological, and biochemical levels, which were recorded in this study. Continuous infestation by A. lucorum for > 4 d significantly affected plant height and leaf width, although there were no effects when infestation was for <= 4 d. Over the long term, A. lucorum mortality increased and their average survival time decreased. A. lucorum-based injury induced plant defense responses, and a spike in defense enzymes was observed. Additionally, infestation induced significant changes in protease inhibitor and secondary metabolite levels in the grape leaves. After A. lucorum infestation, total sugar, protein, and chlorophyll in the leaf decreased significantly. Puncture injury generally induced a milder response compared with A. lucorum infestation. In summary, A. lucorum infestation induced resistance in Cabernet Sauvignon by activating various physiological and biochemical defense responses. In addition to providing new insights into the coevolution of plants and insects, the results presented in this study may lead to the development of an effective, innovative, and environmentally friendly pest control method.

Automated summary

The infestation of Apolygus lucorum affects the growth, physiological, and biochemical levels of Vitis vinifera L. 'Cabernet Sauvignon', leading to changes in plant height, leaf width, defense responses, defense enzymes, protease inhibitor, secondary metabolites, and chlorophyll levels. Additionally, the infestation results in a decrease in total sugar and protein in the leaves.