Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 823, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153791
Keywords
Glufosinate-ammonium; Algae; Oxidative damage; Degradation; Metabolites
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21866009, 21667007]
- Technology Programs of Guizhou Province [[2018] 5781]
- Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China [D20023]
- Frontiers Science Center for Asymmetric Synthesis and Medicinal Molecules, Department of Education, Guizhou Province [(2020) 004]
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This study compares the toxicity and biodegradation of rac-glufosinate-ammonium and L-glufosinate-ammonium in the aquatic organism Scenedesmus obliquus. The results showed that L-glufosinate-ammonium was more toxic to S. obliquus than rac-glufosinate-ammonium and caused more severe oxidative damage. The study also found that L-glufosinate-ammonium degraded faster than D-glufosinate-ammonium and no enantiomerization was observed.
Glufosinate-ammonium, a widely used chiral herbicide, has become the focus of attention because of its toxicity to -ward non-target organisms and its degradation behavior in the environment. With the introduction of L-glufosinate-ammonium products, the toxicity and environmental behavior of rac-glufosinate-ammonium and L-glufosinate-ammo-nium have become the subject of increasing interest. The overall goal of this study was to investigate the differences in toxicity and biodegradation of rac-glufosinate-ammonium and L-glufosinate-ammonium in an aquatic organism, Scenedesmus obliquus. The toxicity of rac-glufosinate-ammonium and L-glufosinate-ammonium to S. obliquus was com-pared by measuring EC50, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity. The 96-h EC50 values of rac-glufosinate-ammonium and L-glufosinate-ammonium were 57.22 mu g/mL and 25.55 mu g/mL, respec-tively, which indicated that L-glufosinate-ammonium was more toxic to S. obliquus than rac-glufosinate-ammonium. Based on the MDA content, protein content, and antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activity, we found that L- glufosinate-ammonium could cause more serious oxidative damage than rac-glufosinate-ammonium. The residual amount of glufosinate-ammonium and its metabolites in the culture medium and S. obliquus were determined by HPLC-HRMS. Comparison of glufosinate-ammonium concentrations in algae-free and algae-containing media, showed that glufosinate-ammonium degradation in the S. obliquus system was significantly increased, and the degradation rate of L-glufosinate-ammonium was faster than that of D-glufosinate-ammonium. No enantiomerization was observed for pure L-glufosinate-ammonium treatment. N-acetyl-glufosinate was identified as the main metabolite of glufosinate-ammonium.
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