Journal
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 65, Issue 9, Pages 1794-1810Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2064-7
Keywords
Oryza sativa; diurnal cycle; metabolome; time delay; rhythmic diversity
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Funding
- Hainan Major Science and Technology Project [ZDKJ202002]
- State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China [31530052]
- Key Research and Development Program of Hainan [ZDYF2020066]
- Hainan Academician Innovation Platform [HD-YSZX-202003, HD-YSZX-202004]
- Hainan University [KYQD(ZR)1866]
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This study investigates the temporal relationships between transcription and metabolism in rice. The transcriptome is strongly regulated by rhythm, while metabolites show an opposite trend between day and night. The time delay of rhythmic transmission from transcript to metabolite level is about 4 hours, except for carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism, where the transmission is nearly synchronous. Some rhythmic metabolites, such as branched-chain amino acids, show significant intervariety differences.
Various aspects of the organisms adapt to cyclically changing environmental conditions via transcriptional regulation. However, the role of rhythmicity in altering the global aspects of metabolism is poorly characterized. Here, we subjected four rice (Oryza sativa) varieties to a range of metabolic profiles and RNA-seq to investigate the temporal relationships of rhythm between transcription and metabolism. More than 40% of the rhythmic genes and a quarter of metabolites conservatively oscillated across four rice accessions. Compared with the metabolome, the transcriptome was more strongly regulated by rhythm; however, the rhythm of metabolites had an obvious opposite trend between day and night. Through association analysis, the time delay of rhythmic transmission from the transcript to the metabolite level was similar to 4 h under long-day conditions, although the transmission was nearly synchronous for carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. The rhythmic accumulation of metabolites maintained highly coordinated temporal relationships in the metabolic network, whereas the correlation of some rhythmic metabolites, such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), was significantly different intervariety. We further demonstrated that the cumulative diversity of BCAAs was due to the differential expression of branched-chain aminotransferase 2 at dawn. Our research reveals the flexible pattern of rice metabolic rhythm existing with conservation and diversity.
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