Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 376, Issue 6594, Pages 715-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abd5926
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Funding
- Wings for Life
- Rosetrees Trust
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Guarantors of Brain
- Department of Brain Sciences, BRC funds, Imperial College London
- Wings for Life grant [WFL-NL-25/20]
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Aging is associated with increased prevalence of axonal injuries, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study found that T cell signaling is enriched in mice before and after sciatic nerve injury (SNI), and this signaling promotes immune cell recruitment and axonal injury through the activation of specific proteins. Inhibition of T cell recruitment facilitates axonal regeneration.
Aging is associated with increased prevalence of axonal injuries characterized by poor regeneration and disability. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In our experiments, RNA sequencing of sciatic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) revealed significant aging-dependent enrichment in T cell signaling both before and after sciatic nerve injury (SNI) in mice. Lymphotoxin activated the transcription factor NF-kappa B, which induced expression of the chemokine CXCL13 by neurons. This in turn recruited CXCR5(+)CD8(+) T cells to injured DRG neurons overexpressing major histocompatibility complex class I. CD8(+) T cells repressed the axonal regeneration of DRG neurons via caspase 3 activation. CXCL13 neutralization prevented CXCR5(+)CD8(+) T cell recruitment to the DRG and reversed aging-dependent regenerative decline, thereby promoting neurological recovery after SNI. Thus, axonal regeneration can be facilitated by antagonizing cross-talk between immune cells and neurons.
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