Is time a healer? How quality of life changes over time reported by parents of children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Objective To investigate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and young people with JIA (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis) over 3 years following diagnosis. Methods Data on children and young people recruited to the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS) were selected if >5 years of age at diagnosis. HRQoL was assessed at diagnosis (baseline), 1 year and 3 years using the proxy-reported Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) completed by a parent or guardian. The CHQ measures aspects of HRQoL including physical functioning and mental health. Analyses included descriptive statistics, comparison with a US reference population and analysis of CHQ scores longitudinally and by gender and age of onset. Results Using CHQ data from parents/guardians of 182 CAPS study participants [median age 9.6 years (interquartile range 7.2-12.2)], all HRQoL domains significantly improved over the 3 year follow-up, except general health perceptions. Physical health domains showed greater improvement than psychosocial domains, although psychosocial scores were generally higher than physical scores throughout. Although similar at diagnosis, at 1 year females had significantly worse HRQoL than males in physical functioning (P = 0.03), bodily pain (P = 0.03), mental health (P = 0.00), social-emotional (P = 0.02) and social-physical (P < 0.001). Differences largely remained at 3 years. Age at onset was not significantly associated with HRQoL. Conclusion Children and young people with JIA have low HRQoL across domains compared with the reference population. This improves within 3 years of diagnosis, with the greatest improvement within the first year. Early developmentally appropriate clinical intervention is recommended to reduce both psychosocial and physical impact of JIA. The lower HRQoL scores of females require further investigation.

Automated summary

This study aimed to investigate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and young people with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) over 3 years following diagnosis. The results showed significant improvements in all HRQoL domains, except general health perceptions, over the 3-year follow-up period. Physical health domains showed greater improvement than psychosocial domains, and females had worse HRQoL scores in many aspects. Early developmentally appropriate clinical intervention is recommended to reduce the impact of JIA on both psychosocial and physical well-being.