A two-stage benefit optimization and multi-participant benefit-sharing strategy for hybrid renewable energy systems in rural areas under carbon trading

Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) are a promising tool for reducing emissions in rural areas. Suitable transaction mechanisms and impartial benefit-sharing strategies are the basis for sustainable HRESs. An HRES that focuses on biomass energy comprising three participants, is proposed and a twostage benefit optimization and sharing model that is based on a reward-punishment-tiered carbon trading (CT) policy is established in this study. To ensure that maximum benefits are gained from HRESs, impartial benefit-sharing strategies such as minimum cost-retaining savings, Nash negotiation, and an improved Shapley value are selected. The results of the first stage show that the benefits of an alliance between the three participants increased by $22621.08 and $11497.49, respectively, under CT. The results of the second stage show that a suitable benefit-sharing strategy can be selected according to the needs of different cooperation models, with the contribution of all participants fully reflected under the improved Shapley value method. The use of a two-stage optimization model improved the willingness of participants to cooperate, based on the premise of maximum benefits. Additionally, new ideas for promoting the development of rural energy can further be provided. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) are a promising tool for reducing emissions in rural areas. This study proposes an HRES focusing on biomass energy and establishes a two-stage benefit optimization and sharing model based on a reward-punishment-tiered carbon trading policy. The results show that suitable benefit-sharing strategies can increase the alliance benefits among the participants, and the use of a two-stage optimization model improves participants' willingness to cooperate and provides new ideas for promoting rural energy development.