Journal
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Volume 192, Issue -, Pages 279-288Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.105
Keywords
Porous carbon; Solid acid; Biomass; Biofuel; 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21878163, 51708301]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018M640231]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [63201143]
- National Key Research Project [2018YFD080 083-03]
- Science and Technology Demonstration Project of Industrial Integration and Development, Tianjin, China [17ZXYENC00100]
- Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Tianjin [TJSQNTJ-2018-06]
- Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students [2019YJSB078]
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This paper presents an effective strategy to prepare mesoporous sulfonated carbon materials from chicken bones, which can be used for the conversion of carbohydrates to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural. The new materials exhibit excellent catalytic performance and reusability.
Sulfonated carbon material is an important class of catalysts, but controllable preparation of highperformance materials for biomass transformations is still challenging. Here, we demonstrate an effective strategy to prepare mesoporous sulfonated carbon materials from chicken bones to convert carbohydrates to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF). The carbonization of chicken bones without using additional templates gave hierarchical porous carbon materials. The subsequent sulfonation by chemical reduction approach introduced 2.33 mmol/g of -PhSO3H group, reserved abundant mesopores but blocked micropores. The sulfonated carbon materials afforded EMF yields of 94.7% and 68.6% from 5hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and fructose in ethanol within 1.5 h and 2 h, respectively, without using high boiling point co-solvents. Furthermore, the apparent activation energies for HMF and fructose conversion were 29.1 and 49.5 kJ/mol, respectively. The catalyst could be reused four times with EMF yield decreasing from 68.6% to 62.7%.
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