Carbon material/MnO2 as conductive skeleton for supercapacitor electrode material: A review

In the current background of energy and the environment, as a new type of energy storage device between secondary batteries and capacitors, supercapacitors have received widespread attention, and electrode materials are the core of preparing high-performance supercapacitors. The composites based on carbon material/MnO2 have become a hotspot in the field of electrode materials for supercapacitors. In addition, the properties of the composites can be further enhanced by introducing a third material such as transition metal oxides, conductive polymers, and carbon materials. This paper presents a review based on the binary and ternary composites of carbon materials/MnO2 and their applications, the mechanism of various materials and their practical appli-cations in supercapacitors are introduced in detail. On this basis, the characteristics of each composite are analyzed deeply and it is pointed out that a superposition of different dimensions and an optimum capacitive balance index are required for excellent performance. It also predicts that biomass activated carbon/low-dimensional carbon material (1D, 2D)/MnO2 will be one of the most promising materials, as well as graft oxidation, 3D printing and other new technologies are the future trend of the process. Finally, the challenges and development trends of multi-composite based on carbon material/MnO2 are summarized and predicted.

Automated summary

Supercapacitors, a new type of energy storage device, have attracted widespread attention in the field of energy and the environment. Composites based on carbon material/MnO2 have become a hotspot in electrode materials for supercapacitors, and the introduction of a third material can further enhance the properties of the composites. This paper provides a review and analysis of binary and ternary composites of carbon material/MnO2 and their applications, highlighting the need for a superposition of different dimensions and an optimum capacitive balance index for excellent performance. The paper also predicts the future trend of biomass activated carbon/low-dimensional carbon material (1D,2D)/MnO2 and new technologies such as graft oxidation and 3D printing. Finally, the challenges and development trends of multi-composites based on carbon material/MnO2 are summarized and predicted.