How Two Crossed Dipoles' Impedance Varies With Their Non-Orthogonality, Length & Separation

To model the electromagnetic mutual impedance between a pair of crossed dipoles (a.k.a. cross dipoles) whose relative orientation is skewed (i.e., not perpendicular), this paper advances a new modeling approach - the phenomenological or behavioral approach. This new approach leads to simple models of the mutual impedance, as closed-form expressions parameterized explicitly by the dipoles' (a) skew angle, (b) separation, and (c) common length. This mathematical simplicity is unprecedented in prior models. These models' usefulness is illustrated, using direction finding as an example.

Automated summary

This paper presents a new modeling approach to describe the electromagnetic mutual impedance between a pair of crossed dipoles whose relative orientation is not perpendicular. The proposed approach provides simple models parameterized explicitly by the dipoles' skew angle, separation, and common length. The usefulness of these models is illustrated using direction finding as an example.