Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 119, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115533119
Keywords
C. elegans; serotonin; aversive learning; mitochondria; stress
Categories
Funding
- NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs [P40OD010440]
- National BioResources Project (NBRP)
- Japanese government
- Ministry of Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education (MOE), Taiwan [MOE 110L901402A, MOST 110-2634-F-002-044, 107-2320-B-002055-MY3, 109-2320-B-002-019-MY3]
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Mitochondrial disruption in nonneural tissues of Caenorhabditis elegans induces learned aversion for nutritious bacterial food, involving the regulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin. In addition, calcium imaging experiments reveal altered neural responses to bacterial cues in a fraction of stress-primed animals.
Physiological stress profoundly alters the internal states of the animals and could drive aversive learning, but signaling and circuit mechanisms underlying such behavioral plas-ticity remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that mitochondrial disruption in nonneural tissues of Caenorhabditis elegans induces learned aversion for nutritious bacterial food that displays features of long-term associative memory. Serotonin secreted from the modulatory NSM neuron acts through the SER-4 receptor in the RIB inter-neuron to drive bacterial avoidance, with NSM and RIB required for the establishment and retrieval for learned aversion, respectively. NSM serotonin synthesis increases early in the induction of systemic mitochondrial stress. Calcium imaging reveals altered RIB responses to bacterial cues in a fraction of stress-primed but not naive animals. These findings uncover cellular circuits and neuromodulation that enable aversive learning under stress, and lay the foundation for future exploration of behavioral plasticity governed by internal state changes.
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