Genetics, leadership position, and well-being: An investigation with a large-scale GWAS

Twin studies document leadership role occupancy (e.g., whether one holds formal supervisory or management positions) as a heritable trait. However, previous studies have been underpowered in identifying specific genes associated with this trait, which has limited our understanding of the genetic correlations between leadership and one's well-being. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on individuals' leadership phenotypes that were derived from supervisory/managerial positions and demands among 248,640 individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank data. Among the nine genome-wide significant loci, the identified top regions are pinpointed to previously reported GWAS loci for bipolar disorder (miR-2113/POUSF2 and LINC01239) and schizophrenia loci (ZSWIM6). We found positive genetic correlations between leadership position and several positive well-being and health indicators, including high levels of subjective well-being, and low levels of anxiety and depression (vertical bar r(g)vertical bar > 0.2). Intriguingly, we observed positive genetic correlations between leadership position and some negative well-being indicators, including high levels of bipolar disorder and alcohol intake frequency. We also observed positive genetic correlations between leadership position and shortened longevity, cardiovascular diseases, and body mass index after partialing out the genetic variance attributed to either educational attainment or income. The positive genetic correlation between leadership and bipolar disorder seems potentially more pronounced for those holding senior leadership positions (r(g): 0.10 to 0.24), partially due to shared genetic variants with educational attainment. Our findings provide insights into the polygenic nature of leadership and shared genetic underpinnings between the leadership position and one's health and well-being. We caution against simplistic interpretations of our findings as advocating genetic determinism.

Automated summary

Twin studies have shown that the occupation of leadership roles is a heritable trait, but previous studies have lacked power in identifying specific genes associated with this trait. In this study using data from the UK Biobank, a genome-wide association study was conducted on individuals' leadership phenotypes. Several significant loci were identified, some of which were previously linked to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Genetic correlations were found between leadership positions and both positive and negative indicators of well-being and health. This study provides insights into the polygenic nature of leadership and its genetic relationship with individuals' well-being and health.