Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 119, Issue 15, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121141119
Keywords
mutualism; antagonism; Actinobacteria; arthropods; geosmin
Categories
Funding
- National Key RD Program [2019YFC1520700]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [42177297]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Strategic Priority Research Program Grant [XDA28010302]
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS [2014271]
- Ramon y Cajal Grant [RYC2018-025483-I]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [PID2020-115813RA-I00]
- Project Plan Andaluz de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion 2020 from the Junta de Andalucia [P20_00879]
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This study reveals the ecological and physiological features of microbial colonization on cultural relics, including multikingdom interactions and intrakingdom competition. These interactions are crucial for the long-term conservation of relics.
Microbial biodeterioration is a major concern for the conservation of historical cultural relics worldwide. However, the ecology involving the origin, composition, and establishment of microbiomes on relics, once exposed to external environments, is largely unknown. Here, we combined field surveys with physiological assays and biological interaction experiments to investigate the microbiome in the Dahuting Han Dynasty Tomb, a Chinese tomb with more than 1,800 y of history, and its surrounding environments. Our investigation finds that multikingdom interactions, from mutualism to competition, drive the microbiome in this subterranean tomb. We reveal that Actinobacteria, Pseudonocardiaceae are the dominant organisms on walls in this tomb. These bacteria produce volatile geosmin that attracts springtails (Collembola), forming an interkingdom mutualism, which contributes to their dispersal, as one of the possible sources into the tomb from surrounding environments. Then, intrakingdom competition helps explain why Pseudonocardiaceae thrive in this tomb via the production of a mixture of cellulases, in combination with potential antimicrobial substances. Together, our findings show that multikingdom interactions play an important role in governing the microbiomes that colonize cultural relics. This knowledge is integral to understanding the ecological and physiological features of relic microbiomes and to supporting the relics' long-term conservation.
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