4.5 Article

Landscape configuration affects probability of apex predator presence and community structure in experimental metacommunities

Journal

OECOLOGIA
Volume 199, Issue 1, Pages 193-204

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05178-9

Keywords

Dispersal; Diversity; Heterogeneity; Protected area; SLOSS

Categories

Funding

  1. Natural Environment Research Council [NE/T006579/1, NE/T003502/1]
  2. NSF [1916610]
  3. Direct For Biological Sciences
  4. Division Of Environmental Biology [1916610] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
  5. NERC [NE/T003502/1, NE/T006579/1] Funding Source: UKRI

Ask authors/readers for more resources

Biodiversity is declining rapidly, emphasizing the need for well-designed protected areas. The number of patches and heterogeneity in patch sizes play important roles in promoting diversity, but their effects vary depending on the conservation objective.
Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, highlighting the urgent requirement for well-designed protected areas. Design tactics previously proposed to promote biodiversity include enhancing the number, connectivity, and heterogeneity of reserve patches. However, how the importance of these features changes depending on what the conservation objective is remains poorly understood. Here we use experimental landscapes containing ciliate protozoa to investigate how the number and heterogeneity in size of habitat patches, rates of dispersal between neighbouring patches, and mortality risk of dispersal across the non-habitat 'matrix' interact to affect a number of diversity measures. We show that increasing the number of patches significantly increases gamma diversity and reduces the overall number of extinctions, whilst landscapes with heterogeneous patch sizes have significantly higher gamma diversity than those with homogeneous patch sizes. Furthermore, the responses of predators depended on their feeding specialism, with generalist predator presence being highest in a single large patch, whilst specialist predator presence was highest in several-small patches with matrix dispersal. Our evidence emphasises the importance of considering multiple diversity measures to disentangle community responses to patch configuration.

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